Linux 下挂载硬盘的 方法

装虚拟机时空间划小了，于是又加了5G的空间，折腾了半天，挂上去了。整理下弄个笔记，备用。
 
 
1. 添加磁盘，查看磁盘状况
    
[root@db1 /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *         151        1305     9277537+  83  Linux
/dev/sda2               1         150     1204843+  82  Linux swap
Partition table entries are not in disk order
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
 
从查询结果看出，多了一个/dev/sdb的盘
 
2. 用fdisk 对/dev/sdb 进行分区
 
[root@db1 /]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-652, default 652):
Using default value 652
 
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
 
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
 
再次查看分区情况，多出来一个/dev/sdb1 的区，这个1是我们在前面指定的，如果我们指定2，就变成 sdb2了。
 
[root@db1 /]# fdisk -l
 
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *         151        1305     9277537+  83  Linux
/dev/sda2               1         150     1204843+  82  Linux swap
Partition table entries are not in disk order
 
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         652     5237158+  83  Linux
[root@db1 /]#
 
如果创建完之后，/proc/partitions 查看不到对应的分区，使用parprobe 命令刷新一下就可以了：
[root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/partitions 
major minor  #blocks  name




   8     0  175825944 sda
   8     1    1020096 sda1
   8     2   30716280 sda2
   8     3    8193150 sda3
[root@web1 ~]# partprobe /dev/sda
[root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/partitions 
major minor  #blocks  name




   8     0  175825944 sda
   8     1    1020096 sda1
   8     2   30716280 sda2
   8     3    8193150 sda3
   8     4  135893835 sda4
[root@web1 ~]# 




 
3. 格式化 /dev/sdb1 分区
 
[root@db1 /]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
655360 inodes, 1309289 blocks
65464 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
 
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
 
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
 
4. 创建目录 并将 /dev/sdb1 挂在到该目录下
 
[root@db1 /]# ls
backup  dev   initrd      media  opt   sbin     sys       usr
bin     etc   lib         misc   proc  selinux  tftpboot  var
boot    home  lost+found  mnt    root  srv      tmp
[root@db1 /]# mkdir /u01
[root@db1 /]# ls
backup  dev   initrd      media  opt   sbin     sys       u01
bin     etc   lib         misc   proc  selinux  tftpboot  usr
boot    home  lost+found  mnt    root  srv      tmp       var
[root@db1 /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /u01
 
5. 验证挂载是否成功
[root@db1 /]# df -k
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1              9131772   7066884   1601012  82% /
none                    454256         0    454256   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1              5154852     43040   4849956   1% /backup
 
6. 设置开机自动挂载
 
[root@db1 /]# vi /etc/fstab
# This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
none                    /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
none                    /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
none                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
none                    /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1               /u01                 ext3    defaults        0 0
/dev/hdc                /media/cdrom            auto    pamconsole,exec,noauto,m
anaged 0 0
/dev/fd0                /media/floppy           auto    pamconsole,exec,noauto,m
anaged 0 0