HttpClient 发送表单

基础代码

只包含最简单的代码，不包含乱码解决、文件上传。

import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try{
            //创建 post 请求（fiddler 设置了监听 8888 端口）
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://127.0.0.1:8888");
            RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000).setSocketTimeout(15000).build();
            post.setConfig(defaultRequestConfig);
            //创建表单
            MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
            builder.addTextBody("key1","值1", ContentType.create("multipart/form-data",Consts.UTF_8));
            builder.addTextBody("key2","值2", ContentType.create("multipart/form-data",Consts.UTF_8));
            HttpEntity build = builder.build();
            post.setEntity(build);
            //发送请求
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
            System.out.println(response.getEntity());
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                //关闭连接
                client.close();
            }catch (Exception e){}
        }
    }

}

可以看到没有乱码，并且都已经赋值，但是此时我们将 key 改成中文，就会变成乱码

即使上方已经将 Content-type 改成 UTF-8，但依旧乱码，因为此时只是设置了内容的值为 UTF-8，需要设置字段值也改成 UTF-8

解决中文乱码

方法一

设置字段模式为 HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532

builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532);

import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try{
            //创建 post 请求
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://127.0.0.1:8888");
            RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000).setSocketTimeout(15000).build();
            post.setConfig(defaultRequestConfig);
            //创建表单
            MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
            //设置模式，在 下方 build 方法中，会调用 new HttpRFC6532Multipart() 方法，其中字段默认编码就为 UTF-8 （一种取巧的方法）
            builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532);
            builder.addTextBody("字段1","值1", ContentType.create("multipart/form-data",Consts.UTF_8));
            builder.addTextBody("字段2","值2", ContentType.create("multipart/form-data",Consts.UTF_8));
            HttpEntity build = builder.build();
            post.setEntity(build);
            //发送请求
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
            System.out.println(response.getEntity());
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                //关闭连接
                client.close();
            }catch (Exception e){}
        }
    }

}

方法二

设置字段模式为 HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE，同时设置编码为 UTF-8

builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
builder.setCharset(Consts.UTF_8);

import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try{
            //创建 post 请求
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://127.0.0.1:8888");
            RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000).setSocketTimeout(15000).build();
            post.setConfig(defaultRequestConfig);
            //创建表单
            MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
            //设置为浏览器模式，其中字段会根据 builder.charset 来设置编码格式
            builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
            builder.setCharset(Consts.UTF_8);
            builder.addTextBody("字段1","值1", ContentType.create("multipart/form-data",Consts.UTF_8));
            builder.addTextBody("字段2","值2", ContentType.create("multipart/form-data",Consts.UTF_8));
            HttpEntity build = builder.build();
            post.setEntity(build);
            //发送请求
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
            System.out.println(response.getEntity());
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                //关闭连接
                client.close();
            }catch (Exception e){}
        }
    }

}

文件上传

一般 form 表单都会提供文件上传，直接添加 addBinaryBody 即可，其中该提供 inputSteam、文件重命名等方法，具体可自行研究

builder.addBinaryBody("文件字段3",new File("D:\\test\\部署路径.xlsx"));

发送form表单完整代码

import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import java.io.File;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try{
            //创建 post 请求
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://127.0.0.1:8888");
            RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000).setSocketTimeout(15000).build();
            post.setConfig(defaultRequestConfig);
            //创建表单
            MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
            //（防止字段名中文乱码）设置为浏览器模式，其中字段会根据 builder.charset 来设置编码格式
            builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
            builder.setCharset(Consts.UTF_8);
            //设置普通字段值
            builder.addTextBody("字段1","值1", ContentType.create("multipart/form-data",Consts.UTF_8));
            builder.addTextBody("字段2","值2", ContentType.create("multipart/form-data",Consts.UTF_8));
            //添加文件
            builder.addBinaryBody("文件字段3",new File("D:\\test\\部署路径.xlsx"));
            HttpEntity build = builder.build();
            post.setEntity(build);
            //发送请求
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
            System.out.println(response.getEntity());
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                //关闭连接
                client.close();
            }catch (Exception e){}
        }
    }

}

附带发送 body 请求代码

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import java.util.HashMap;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try{
            //创建 post 请求
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://127.0.0.1:8888");
            RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000).setSocketTimeout(15000).build();
            post.setConfig(defaultRequestConfig);

            //设置 body 值
            HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put("字段1","值1");
            String jsonString = JSONObject.toJSONString(map);

            post.setEntity(new StringEntity(jsonString, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON));

            //发送请求
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
            System.out.println(response.getEntity());
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                //关闭连接
                client.close();
            }catch (Exception e){}
        }
    }

}

本栏目推荐文章
• 可拖拽表单比传统表单好在哪里？
• 界面控件DevExpress VCL v23.2——复杂表单的性能增强
• 袋鼠云数栈UI5.0设计实战｜B端表单这样设计，不仅美观还提效
• JavaScript函数表单验证：保证用户输入的有效性
• Element Ui 的表单验证
• 表单引擎设计的一些思考
• 如何在Vue中实现表单验证
• 如何使用Vue实现动态表单
• 使用JavaScript函数实现表单验证和数据提交
• 开源拖拽表单设计器好用吗？

表单 HttpClient表单httpclient httpclient httpclient参数 httpclient方式 httpclient问题net httpclient系统 httpclient源码apache httpclient场景qps httpclient java http httpclient工具java