django restframework的简单使用

1.快速上手

配置: (pip install djangorestframework==3.12.4)

# settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'rest_framework'
]
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # DRF的相关配置后面都在这里
}

urls和views

# urls.py 
from django.urls import path 
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('api/user/', views.UserView.as_view()),
]

# views.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framwork.response import Response 

class UserView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response({"code": 0, 'data': 'xxxx'})
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response({"code": 0, 'data': 'xxxx'})

2.drf相关

drf重写了as_view()和dispatch()方法. 添加了一些功能:

as_view(继承了父类中as_view): 免除了csrf的验证. 一般前后端分离不使用csrf. 后期会使用jwt认证
dispatch(没继承父类的dispatch): 内部添加了版本处理, 认证, 权限, 访问频率

3.drf对于请求数据的封装

reqeust的使用:

# views.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framwork.response import Response 

class UserView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(request._request.GET)
        print(request._request.method)  # 通过对象嵌套了找到原始的request
        print(request._request.POST)
        
        print(request.query_params)  # 本质上就是request._reqeust.GET
        print(request.data)  # 读取请求体并处理, eg: 发来Json, 内部会将其反序列化
        return Response({"code": 0, 'data': 'xxxx'})
    
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response({"code": 0, 'data': 'xxxx'})