协议

协议简介

什么是协议

Client(Consumer端)与Server（Provider端）在传输数据时双方的约定。

协议简介

Dubbo3中常见的协议

1.dubbo协议[前面文章中使用的都是dubbo协议]
2.rest协议
3.triple协议
4.grpc协议
5.thirft协议
6.webservice协议
7.rocketmq协议
8.redis协议
9.memacached协议
...等等

不同协议的通信效率对比

dubbo官方提供的不同协议之间通信效率的对比如下：

不同协议的通信效率对比

Dubbo协议

1.Dubbo的默认协议，自己定义的私有协议，基于TCP层，默认的通信方式是Netty4;
2.Dubbo采用单一长连接和NIO异步通讯，适合于小数据量大并发的服务调用，反之，Dubbo缺省协议不适合传送大数据量的服务，比如传文件、传视频等。

官方提供的Dubbo协议结构图：

Dubbo协议结构图

官方提供的Dubbo协议的帧组成图：

Dubbo协议的帧组成

协议构成详见Dubbo2 协议规范 | Apache Dubbo

Dubbo协议的使用

准备——zookeeper的安装

https://archive.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/

下载zk

如果使用windows，可以7z解压缩软件解压缩tar包的形式

https://sparanoid.com/lab/7z/

修改conf/zoo.cfg配置⽂件

dataDir=D:\\zookeeper\\apache-zookeeper-3.6.1\\data

启动服务端

启动客户端

客户端

https://github.com/vran-dev/PrettyZoo/releases
图形化zk的客户端

创建项目

父项目maven文件中对依赖版本进行管理

<properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <dubbo.version>3.2.0</dubbo.version>
    <spring-boot.version>2.7.12</spring-boot.version>
    <spring.version>5.3.25</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-bom</artifactId>
            <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

zk版本和dubbo版本的关系

引入相关依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!--zk注册中心 需要的依赖-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-zookeeper-curator5</artifactId>
        <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
        <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--lombok-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.22</version>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jcl</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>



    <!--<dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-rpc-rest</artifactId>
            <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>jackson-xc</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
            <artifactId>resteasy-jackson-provider</artifactId>
            <version>${resteasy-version}</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>jackson-xc</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <version>${jackson-version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <version>${jackson-version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <version>${jackson-version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <artifactId>jackson-xc</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <version>${jackson-version}</version>
        </dependency>-->

</dependencies>

创建api、provider、consumer包，并编写代码。

provider的application.yml配置文件如下：

spring:
  application:
    name: DUBBO-PROTOCOL-PROVIDER
dubbo:
  protocol:
    name: dubbo
    port: -1
  registry:
    address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181

consumer的application.yml的配置如下：

spring:
  application:
    name: DUBBO-PROTOCOL-CONSUMER
dubbo:
  registry:
    address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181

  application:
    qos-enable: false

REST协议

Rest协议就是我们平时说的Restful,本质上把他称为协议不准确。因为 Restful他是基于Http1.x协议的。使⽤Rest协议这种⽅式可以让我们的Dubbo服务直接通过url进⾏访问，同时也可以更好的与SpringCloud技术栈进⾏整合。

搭建开发环境

父项目的pom文件核心如下：

<properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <dubbo.version>3.2.0</dubbo.version>
    <spring-boot.version>2.6.11</spring-boot.version>
    <jackson-version>1.9.13</jackson-version>
    <resteasy-version>3.15.6.Final</resteasy-version>
    <tomcat.version>9.0.75</tomcat.version>
    <grpc.version>1.54.1</grpc.version>
    <spring.version>5.3.25</spring.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!--zk注册中心 需要的依赖-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-zookeeper-curator5</artifactId>
        <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
        <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--lombok-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.22</version>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jcl</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo-rpc-rest</artifactId>
        <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            </exclusion>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            </exclusion>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            </exclusion>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>jackson-xc</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
        <artifactId>resteasy-jackson-provider</artifactId>
        <version>${resteasy-version}</version>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            </exclusion>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            </exclusion>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            </exclusion>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>jackson-xc</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
        <version>${jackson-version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
        <version>${jackson-version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
        <version>${jackson-version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <artifactId>jackson-xc</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
        <version>${jackson-version}</version>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>


<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-bom</artifactId>
            <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

provide pom文件引入的依赖:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.sjdwz</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo-protocol-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
        <version>${tomcat.version}</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

consumer只需要引入api模块即可。

api模块

java编码

@Path("orders")
@Consumes({MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON})
@Produces({ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF_8})
public interface OrderService {

    @GET
    @Path("{id}")
    Order getOrder(@PathParam("id") Long id);
}

provider模块

application.yml文件

spring:
  application:
    name: DUBBO-PROTOCOL-PROVIDER
dubbo:
  protocol:
    name: rest
    port: 9005
    server: tomcat
    contextpath: sjdwz
  registry:
    address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
server:
  port: 8090

java代码

@DubboService
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
    @Override
    public Order getOrder(Long id) {
        System.out.println("OrderServiceImpl.getOrder id " + id);
        return new Order("1001", 100.0);
    }
}

运行起来

http://localhost:9005/sjdwz/orders/1

在浏览器输入上述url即可访问到。

consumer模块

java代码

@DubboReference(protocol = "rest")
private OrderService orderService;


@Test
public void test2(){
    orderService.getOrder(2L);
}

gRPC协议

gRPC简介

Dubbo中的gRPC协议就是应⽤gRPC来替换Dubbo的RPC调⽤。本质上把它称为协议不准确,因为gRPC他是Google开源⼀种异构语⾔通信的RPC框
架。Dubbo引⼊gRPC的⽬的是为了更好的支持云原生的开发。

gRPC底层协议

gRPC底层基于Http2.x协议。Http2.x是双工协议，可以支持流式通信（反应式编程）。所以在通信效率上更高。

gRPC开发过程

1. 通过Protobuf的IDL定义通信数据，及操作。
2. 通过Maven的插件，根据不同的编程语言生成成对应的代码
3. 服务端发布RPC服务
3.1. ⼀元调⽤
3.2. 服务端流式RPC
3.3. 客户端流式RPC
3.4. 双向流式RPC
4. 客户端进⾏RPC服务的调⽤
4.1. 通过stub代理进⾏远端RPC的调⽤

Dubbo中gRPC协议的开发

本质上Dubbo对于gRPC协议的⽀持，就是在原有gRPC客户端代码上进行了封装。

父项目依赖设置

<properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <dubbo.version>3.1.10</dubbo.version>
        <spring-boot.version>2.7.12</spring-boot.version>
        <grpc.version>1.54.1</grpc.version>
        <os.detected.classifier>windows-x86_64</os.detected.classifier>
        <spring.version>5.3.25</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--zk注册中心 需要的依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-zookeeper-curator5</artifactId>
            <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.22</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jcl</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
                <artifactId>dubbo-bom</artifactId>
                <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
                <artifactId>grpc-bom</artifactId>
                <version>${grpc.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

api模块的开发

pom文件修改

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
        <artifactId>grpc-netty</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
                <artifactId>netty-codec-http2</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
                <artifactId>netty-handler-proxy</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
        <artifactId>grpc-netty-shaded</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
        <artifactId>grpc-protobuf</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
                <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
        <artifactId>grpc-stub</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo-common</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
        <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
        <version>3.21.7</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
        <artifactId>protobuf-java-util</artifactId>
        <version>3.21.7</version>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
                <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>kr.motd.maven</groupId>
            <artifactId>os-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>0.6.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <protocArtifact>com.google.protobuf:protoc:3.21.7:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</protocArtifact>
                <pluginId>grpc-java</pluginId>
                <pluginArtifact>io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:${grpc.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}
                </pluginArtifact>
                <outputDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/java</outputDirectory>
                <clearOutputDirectory>false</clearOutputDirectory>
                <protocPlugins>
                    <protocPlugin>
                        <id>dubbo-grpc</id>
                        <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
                        <artifactId>dubbo-compiler</artifactId>
                        <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
                        <mainClass>org.apache.dubbo.gen.grpc.DubboGrpcGenerator</mainClass>
                    </protocPlugin>
                </protocPlugins>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>protobuf-maven-plugin</id>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>compile</goal>
                        <goal>compile-custom</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

maven插件

provider模块的开发

application.yml文件

spring:
  application:
    name: DUBBO-PROTOCOL-PROVIDER
dubbo:
  protocol:
    name: grpc
    port: -1
  registry:
    address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
#  port: 8081

Java类

provider的ServiceImpl

@DubboService
public class DemoServiceImpl extends DubboDemoServiceGrpc.DemoServiceImplBase {
    @Override
    public void demo(RequestData request, StreamObserver<ResponseData> responseObserver) {
        System.out.println("DemoServiceImpl.demo " + request.getName());
        responseObserver.onNext(ResponseData.newBuilder().setResult("this is result").build());
        responseObserver.onCompleted();
    }
}

consumer模块的开发

测试Java方法

@DubboReference(protocol = "grpc")
private DubboDemoServiceGrpc.IDemoService iDemoService;


@Test
void test3() {
    ResponseData ret = iDemoService.demo(RequestData.newBuilder().setName("xiaohei").build());
    System.out.println("ret.getResult() = " + ret.getResult());

}

Triple协议

Triple协议是什么

在阿里巴巴，Triple 协议广泛用于跨环境、跨语言、跨生态互通，已有数十万容器生产级使用。

Triple 协议是 Dubbo3设计的基于HTTP的RPC通信协议规范，它完全兼容 gRPC 协议，支持 Request-Response、Streaming流式等通信模型，可同时运行在HTTP/1和 HTTP/2之上。
核心:
1.Dubbo3全新设计的基于Http的RPC协议
2.完全兼容gRPC协议
3.支持Streaming流式通信【与gRPC类似】
4.同时支持HTTP1和HTTP2
5.对比内置的Dubbo协议，更好的支持异构语言通信，且更加适应云原生。

Dubbo原有已经支持了gRPC协议，为什么还要做Triple协议?

生态建设︰
1.如果只支持gRPC协议，不能够体现Dubbo的价值，毕竟gRPC是Google制定的。
Triple的优势:
1.不绑定IDL，支持Java lnterface 定义服务。(gRPC需要使用Protobuf,而Triple可以通过Java接口的方式进行服务的)
2.同时支持Http1和Http2协议，而gRPC只支持Http2协议。
3.100%兼容gRPC。从Dubbo3.2.x开始，已经废弃原有的gRPC协议使用Triple协议进行替代。

Triple协议的开发

父项目中pom文件，dubbo版本切换到3.2.0

<properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <dubbo.version>3.2.0</dubbo.version>
    <grpc.version>1.54.1</grpc.version>
    <spring-boot.version>2.7.12</spring-boot.version>
    <protoc.version>3.21.7</protoc.version>
	<os.detected.classifier>windows-x86_64</os.detected.classifier>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
        <artifactId>grpc-all</artifactId>
        <version>${grpc.version}</version>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>grpc-netty</artifactId>
                <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
        <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
        <version>${protoc.version}</version>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-zookeeper-curator5</artifactId>
        <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
        <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--lombok-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.22</version>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-bom</artifactId>
            <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
            <artifactId>grpc-bom</artifactId>
            <version>${grpc.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
    <extensions>
        <extension>
            <groupId>kr.motd.maven</groupId>
            <artifactId>os-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.1</version>
        </extension>
    </extensions>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>0.6.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <protocArtifact>com.google.protobuf:protoc:3.21.7:exe:${os.detected.classifier}
                </protocArtifact>
                <pluginId>grpc-java</pluginId>
                <pluginArtifact>io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:${grpc.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}
                </pluginArtifact>
                <outputDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/java</outputDirectory>
                <clearOutputDirectory>false</clearOutputDirectory>
                <protocPlugins>
                    <protocPlugin>
                        <id>dubbo</id>
                        <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
                        <artifactId>dubbo-compiler</artifactId>
                        <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
                        <mainClass>org.apache.dubbo.gen.tri.Dubbo3TripleGenerator</mainClass>
                    </protocPlugin>
                </protocPlugins>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>compile</goal>
                        <goal>test-compile</goal>
                        <goal>compile-custom</goal>
                        <goal>test-compile-custom</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

api模块的开发

proto文件夹

syntax = "proto3";
option java_multiple_files = true;
option java_package = "com.sjdwz.tri";
package com.sjdwz.tri;
// The request message containing the user's name.
message GreeterRequest {
  string name = 1;
}
// The response message containing the greetings
message GreeterReply {
  string message = 1;
}
service Greeter{
  // unary
  rpc greet(GreeterRequest) returns (GreeterReply);
  // serverStream
  rpc greetServerStream(GreeterRequest) returns (stream GreeterReply);
  // bi streaming
  rpc greetStream(stream GreeterRequest) returns (stream GreeterReply);
}

maven命令

在父项目执行上图maven命令。

provider模块的开发

application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: DUBBO-TRIPLE-PROVIDER

dubbo:
  protocol:
    name: tri
    port: -1
  registry:
    address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181

服务接口的开发

@DubboService
public class GreeterImpl extends DubboGreeterTriple.GreeterImplBase {
    @Override
    public GreeterReply greet(GreeterRequest request) {
        System.out.println("GreeterImpl.greet " + request.getName());
        GreeterReply greeterReply = GreeterReply.newBuilder().setMessage("this is on method").build();
        return greeterReply;
    }

    @Override
    public StreamObserver<GreeterRequest> greetStream(StreamObserver<GreeterReply> responseObserver) {
        System.out.println("GreeterImpl.greetStream");
        responseObserver.onNext(GreeterReply.newBuilder().setMessage("bi stream result").build());
        responseObserver.onCompleted();
        return new StreamObserver<GreeterRequest>() {
            @Override
            public void onNext(GreeterRequest data) {
                System.out.println(" recive request param = " + data.getName());
            }

            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable throwable) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onCompleted() {
                System.out.println("GreeterImpl.onCompleted");
            }
        };
    }

    @Override
    public void greetServerStream(GreeterRequest request, StreamObserver<GreeterReply> responseObserver) {
        System.out.println("GreeterImpl.greetServerStream name " + request.getName());

        responseObserver.onNext(GreeterReply.newBuilder().setMessage("this is result").build());

        responseObserver.onCompleted();
    }
}

consumer模块的开发

测试类的开发

@DubboReference(protocol = "tri")
private Greeter greeter;


@Test
void test2() {
    GreeterRequest request = GreeterRequest.newBuilder().setName("xiaowb").build();
    GreeterReply greeterReply = greeter.greet(request);
    System.out.println("greeterReply.getMessage() = " + greeterReply.getMessage());
}

triple协议——grpc方式的开发

api模块

在api模块的pom文件执行如下命令；

maven命令

consumer模块

gRPC adaptor类

package com.sjdwz;

import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;

public class GrpcStreamObserverAdapter<T> implements StreamObserver<T> {

    private final org.apache.dubbo.common.stream.StreamObserver<T> delegate;

    public GrpcStreamObserverAdapter(org.apache.dubbo.common.stream.StreamObserver<T> delegate) {
        this.delegate = delegate;
    }

    @Override
    public void onNext(T value) {
        delegate.onNext(value);
    }

    @Override
    public void onError(Throwable t) {
        delegate.onError(t);

    }

    @Override
    public void onCompleted() {
        delegate.onCompleted();

    }
}

Test类

@Test
void test4() {
    ManagedChannel managedChannel = ManagedChannelBuilder.forAddress("localhost", 50051).usePlaintext().build();
    try {
        //一元操作
        GreeterGrpc.GreeterBlockingStub greeterBlockingStub = GreeterGrpc.newBlockingStub(managedChannel);
        //流式处理
        GreeterGrpc.GreeterStub greeterStub = GreeterGrpc.newStub(managedChannel);
        GreeterRequest request = GreeterRequest.newBuilder().setName("grpc").build();
        greeterStub.greetServerStream(request, new GrpcStreamObserverAdapter<>(new StreamObserver<GreeterReply>() {
            @Override
            public void onNext(GreeterReply data) {
                System.out.println("TestTripleDemo.onNext " + data.getMessage());
            }

            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable throwable) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onCompleted() {
                System.out.println("TestTripleDemo.onCompleted");
            }
        }));

        System.in.read();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } finally {
        managedChannel.shutdown();
    }
}

triple协议——Java Interface的方式

需要记住两个规律：

1. message替换成Java类型
2. StreamObserver也用StreamObserver处理

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526互联

Dubbo3应用开发—协议（Dubbo协议、REST协议、gRPC协议、Triple协议）

协议

协议简介

什么是协议

Dubbo3中常见的协议

不同协议的通信效率对比

Dubbo协议

Dubbo协议的使用

准备——zookeeper的安装

创建项目

REST协议

搭建开发环境

api模块

provider模块

consumer模块

gRPC协议

api模块的开发

provider模块的开发

consumer模块的开发

Triple协议

Triple协议的开发

api模块的开发

provider模块的开发

consumer模块的开发

triple协议——grpc方式的开发

api模块

consumer模块

triple协议——Java Interface的方式

526互联

Dubbo3应用开发—协议（Dubbo协议、REST协议 、gRPC协议、Triple协议）

协议

协议简介

什么是协议

Dubbo3中常见的协议

不同协议的通信效率对比

Dubbo协议

Dubbo协议的使用

准备——zookeeper的安装

创建项目

REST协议

搭建开发环境

api模块

provider模块

consumer模块

gRPC协议

api模块的开发

provider模块的开发

consumer模块的开发

Triple协议

Triple协议的开发

api模块的开发

provider模块的开发

consumer模块的开发

triple协议——grpc方式的开发

api模块

consumer模块

triple协议——Java Interface的方式

Dubbo3应用开发—协议（Dubbo协议、REST协议、gRPC协议、Triple协议）