"Grain for Green" program: turn sand into green
One specific measure that has been effective in tackling desertification is the "Grain for Green" program.
The Grain for Green program was launched in 1999 and aimed to convert farmland on steep slopes and marginal agricultural land into forests and grasslands. Under this program, farmers were encouraged to voluntarily convert their cropland or barren land into forests or grasslands and were provided with subsidies and technical support.
The program works by compensating farmers for the loss of agricultural income and providing them with financial incentives to conserve land and plant trees. Trees and grasses help prevent soil erosion, improve water conservation, and restore ecological balance in the affected regions. The program also promotes sustainable land management practices, such as terracing and contour plowing, to reduce soil erosion.
The impact of the Grain for Green program has been significant.
According to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the program has led to the conversion of approximately 28 million hectares of cropland and barren land into forests and grasslands by 2010. This has resulted in a decrease in soil erosion rates, an increase in forest cover, and improved ecological conditions in many regions.
The program has also had positive socio-economic impacts. It has helped alleviate poverty in rural areas by providing farmers with income through subsidies and employment opportunities in afforestation activities. Additionally, the program has improved water availability and quality, benefiting both rural communities and downstream regions.
Overall, the Grain for Green program in China has been an effective measure in tackling desertification. It has successfully converted large areas of cropland and barren land into forests and grasslands, resulting in improved ecological conditions and socio-economic benefits. However, continuous monitoring and evaluation are necessary to address the challenges and ensure the long-term sustainability of the program.