Django自己的认证方法只能认证用户名和密码
user = authenticate(**credentials)
# authenticate会自动校验用户名和密码
authenticate 源码
def authenticate(request=None, **credentials):
"""
If the given credentials are valid, return a User object.
"""
# _get_backends 是Django的配置文件中的AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS 列表里面定义的认证方式
# 如果你自己项目的配置文件中配置了AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS就会去你自己的配置文件中找
for backend, backend_path in _get_backends(return_tuples=True):
backend_signature = inspect.signature(backend.authenticate)
try:
backend_signature.bind(request, **credentials)
except TypeError:
continue
try:
# 每循环一个backend 都会去调用authenticate方法
# 如果你自己重写了authenticate方法 就会走你自己写的
user = backend.authenticate(request, **credentials)
except PermissionDenied:
break
if user is None:
continue
user.backend = backend_path
return user
如果自己没有配置AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS
# 会从Django的配置文件中找
# from django.conf import global_settings
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'auth.User'
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = ['django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend']
导入django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend
from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend
# 源码如下
class ModelBackend(BaseBackend):
"""
Authenticates against settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL.
"""
def authenticate(self, request, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
if username is None:
username = kwargs.get(UserModel.USERNAME_FIELD)
if username is None or password is None:
return
try:
# 通过自然键(USERNAME_FIELD)获取 user 对象
user = UserModel._default_manager.get_by_natural_key(username)
except UserModel.DoesNotExist:
UserModel().set_password(password)
else:
# 检查密码和是否是活跃用户，然后返回一个 user 对象，否则什么也不返回 就是 None
if user.check_password(password) and self.user_can_authenticate(user):
return user
自定义Backend 实现简单的认证方式，如下：
因为Django自带的authenticate只能帮你验证用户名和密码，当你需要验证使用如手机号登录、邮箱登录、验证码登录等时，需要自己重写authenticate方法，自定义认证方式
from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend
# 继承ModelBackend重写里面的authenticate方法 自定义认证方式
class LoginBackend(ModelBackend):
def authenticate(self, request, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
user = UserInfo.objects.get(Q(username=username) | Q(phone=username) | Q(email=username))
if user is not None and user.check_password(password):
return user
最后settings.py中需要配置
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = [
'app01.backends.LoginBackend'
]
# 配置完之后再走校验的话就会先从你自己写的这个类里面去执行authenticate方法
# 会用你自己的校验方式