实验六 模板类，文件io和异常处理

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;


template <typename T>
class Vector {
public:
    // 构造函数，默认大小为0
    Vector(int n = 0) : size(n), data(new T[n]) {   
        if (n < 0) {
        throw std::length_error("Vector<T> constructor: negative size");
        }
    }

    // 构造函数，指定大小和初始值
    Vector(int n, T value) : size(n), data(new T[n]) {
        if (n < 0) {
        throw std::length_error("Vector<T> constructor: negative size");
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        data[i] = value;
        }
    }

    // 拷贝构造函数（深复制）
    Vector(const Vector& other) : size(other.size), data(new T[other.size]) {
        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
        data[i] = other.data[i];
        }
    }

    // 析构函数
    ~Vector() {
        delete[] data;
    }

    // 返回数组中元素的个数
    int getSize() const {
        return size;
    }

    // 通过索引访问元素
    T& at(int index) {
        validateIndex(index);
        return data[index];
    }

    const T& at(int index) const {
         if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
        throw std::out_of_range("Index out of range");
        }
        validateIndex(index);
        return data[index];
    }

    // 重载下标操作符
    T& operator[](int index) {
        return at(index);
    }

    const T& operator[](int index) const {
         if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
        throw std::out_of_range("Index out of range");
        }
        return at(index);
    }

    template <typename U>
    friend void output(const Vector<U>& vec);

private:
    int size;  // 数组的当前大小
    T* data;   // 指向动态分配数组的指针

    void validateIndex(int index) const {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
        throw std::out_of_range("Index out of range");
        }
    }
};

template <typename U>
void output(const Vector<U>& vec) {
    for (int i = 0; i < vec.size; ++i) {
    cout << vec.data[i] << ", ";
    }
    if (vec.size > 0) {
    cout << "\b\b ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}

#include <iostream>
#include "task4.hpp"
void test() {
using namespace std;
int n;
cin >> n;
Vector<double> x1(n);
for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
x1.at(i) = i * 0.7;
output(x1);
Vector<int> x2(n, 42);
Vector<int> x3(x2);
output(x2);
output(x3);
x2.at(0) = 77;
output(x2);
x3[0] = 999;
output(x3);
}
int main() {
test();
}

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>

void output(std::ostream &out) {
    for (int i = 0; i <=26; ++i) {
       
        if (i == 0) { out<<"   ";
            for (char ch = 'a'; ch <= 'z'; ++ch) {
                out << ch << ' ';
            }
            out << '\n';
            continue;
        }
        
      
        out << std::setw(2) << i << ' ';
        

        for (int j = 0; j < 26; ++j) {
         
            out << char('A' + (j + i ) % 26) << ' ';
        }
        out << '\n';  
    }
}

int main() {
    output(std::cout);

    std::ofstream file_out("cipher_key.txt");
    if (file_out.is_open()) {
        output(file_out);
    } else {
        std::cerr << "Error opening the file for writing." << std::endl;
    }
    file_out.close();

    return 0;
}