Zabbix（server,proxy,agent）安装实战操作讲解-526互联

一、概述

Zabbix 是一种开源的监控软件工具，旨在监测和跟踪各种网络服务、服务器和其他 IT 资源的性能和可用性。它用于监测网络设备、服务器硬件、应用程序和其他 IT 基础设施组件的状态。Zabbix 可以监测各种指标，包括 CPU 使用率、内存使用率、磁盘空间、网络流量等等。它支持多种监控方式，包括 SNMP、JMX、IPMI、SSH 等。Zabbix 还提供了实时监测、历史数据存储、图表和报告生成等功能，以便 IT 运维团队进行性能分析和故障排除。由于其灵活性和可扩展性，Zabbix 成为了企业级监控解决方案的主要选择之一。

二、zabbix 安装实战操作

操作系统:centos7
zabbix版本: 4.4
mysql: 5.7.28

1）zabbix server 安装

rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.4-1.el7.noarch.rpm
yum-config-manager --enable rhel-7-server-optional-rpms
yum install epel-release  numactl
yum install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-nginx-conf  -y

注意：如果出现yum安装不了，则可以修改/etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo

[zabbix]
name=Zabbix Official Repository - $basearch
#baseurl=http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.4/rhel/7/$basearch/
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/4.4/rhel/7/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-A14FE591
skip_if_unavailable = 1
keepcache = 0

[zabbix-debuginfo]
name=Zabbix Official Repository debuginfo - $basearch
baseurl=http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.4/rhel/7/$basearch/debuginfo/
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-A14FE591
gpgcheck=1

2）mysql 安装

1、前期准备

wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /app/
cd /app/
mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
mkdir /app/mysql/{data,logs}
groupadd mysql
useradd -g  mysql mysql
chown mysql:mysql /app/mysql -R

2、配置mysql 配置文件

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8
# 配置账号密码、ip;实现命令行直接"免密码"登录
[mysql]
host=192.168.182.132user=zabbixpassword=zabbix[mysqladmin]host=192.168.182.132user=zabbixpassword=zabbix

[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

basedir = /app/mysql
datadir = /app/mysql/data
pid-file = /app/mysql/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1

init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
log_timestamps=SYSTEM

skip-name-resolve
back_log = 300

max_connections = 613
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 256
max_allowed_packet = 500M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 32M

read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 16M

thread_cache_size = 16

query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 16M
query_cache_limit = 2M

ft_min_word_len = 4

log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 7

log_error = /app/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /app/mysql/logs/mysql-slow.log

performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp



skip-external-locking

default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 16M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1

interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800



[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 500M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 16M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M

3、数据库初始化

cd /app/mysql/
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql --datadir=/app/mysql/data --innodb_undo_tablespaces=3 --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

登录的临时密码在error文件中（/app/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log）
##
porary password is generated for root@localhost: Jm=%mM7w)UBq
##

cp -a /app/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
echo "export PATH=/app/mysql/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

# 启动mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql start

# 使用日志中的临时密码（Jm=%mM7w)UBq）登录mysql
mysql -u root -p

# 设置root密码：
mysql>set password for root@localhost = password('root');

# 创建zabbix库：
create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
# 授权：
grant all privileges on *.* to zabbix@'%' identified by 'zabbix';
# 刷新权限
flush privileges;

# 导入数据到zabbix
zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql*/create.sql.gz |  mysql -uroot -p  zabbix

3）配置zabbix_server

1、修改配置

# vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

LogFile=/app/zabbix/logs/zabbix_server.log
LogFileSize=0
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid
SocketDir=/var/run/zabbix
DBHost=192.168.182.132
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=zabbix
DBSocket=/tmp/mysql.sock
SNMPTrapperFile=/app/zabbix/logs/snmptrap/snmptrap.log
Timeout=4
AlertScriptsPath=/app/zabbix/alertscripts
ExternalScripts=/app/zabbix/externalscripts
LogSlowQueries=3000
StatsAllowedIP=127.0.0.1

2、创建相关目录

mkdir -p /app/zabbix/logs/snmptrap
mkdir /app/zabbix/{alertscripts,externalscripts}
chown zabbix:zabbix /app/zabbix/ -R

3、修改时区

# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf
# 添加/修改配置：
php_value date.timezone Asia/Shanghai

4、启动apache

systemctl start httpd.service

5、启动php

systemctl start php-fpm.service

6、启动zabbix server

systemctl start zabbix-server.service

# 访问： http:ip/zabbix  

# 注意：第一次登录填写mysql连接信息时候地址需要填0.0.0.0

三、修改字体

# 上传windows中的字体MSYH.TTC(微软雅黑) 到/home/wwwroot/default/zabbix/fonts目录
ln -s /home/wwwroot/default/zabbix/fonts/MSYH.TTC /etc/alternatives/zabbix-web-font

四、安装graphtree插件（可选）

# graphtree是一个图形展示插件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OneOaaS/graphtrees/master/graphtree3.0.4.patch
yum install -y patch
cp -a /usr/share/zabbix /usr/share/zabbix.bak
mv graphtree3.0.4.patch /usr/share/zabbix/
cd /usr/share/zabbix
patch  -Np0 <graphtree3.0.4.patch
chown apache:apache oneoaas -R
#添加配置：vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf
Alias /oneoaas /usr/share/zabbix/oneoaas

# 重启服务
systemctl restart httpd.service zabbix-server.service

五、安装 zabbix-proxy 详解过程

1）通过 yum 安装 zabbix-proxy

1、安装 zabbix-proxy 和 zabbix-agent

rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.4-1.el7.noarch.rpm
yum clean all
# 先查找zabbix-proxy,yum search zabbix-proxy
yum install zabbix-proxy-mysql.x86_64 zabbix-agent.x86_64

【问题】如果出现如下错误

Error: Package: zabbix-proxy-mysql-4.4.3-1.el7.x86_64 (zabbix)
           Requires: fping
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
 You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

【解决】根据错误提示，需要安装fping命令这个依赖，在进行yum安装之后显示该安装包不存在，因此进行推测应该是epel源配置出现问题，因此在阿里源中配置epel源

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
# 再执行
yum install zabbix-proxy-mysql.x86_64 zabbix-agent.x86_64

2、创建 zabbix_proxy 库

create database zabbix_proxy character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
# 授权：
grant all privileges on zabbix_proxy.* to zabbix@'%' identified by 'zabbix';
# 刷新权限
flush privileges;
# 部署mysql 步骤和在zabbix server中部署一样，区别在导入数据时候不一样：
# zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-proxy-mysql*/schema.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p zabbix_proxy

3、修改zabbix-proxy配置

# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_proxy.conf

Server=192.168.182.132            # 真正的服务端(zabbix server)
ServerPort=10051                  # 根据个人需要修改，一般可以不改，默认端口是10051，要实现转发的话使用这个选项(zabbix server)
ListenPort=10051                  # zabbix-proxy服务监听的端口，默认就好
Hostname=Zabbix proxy             # proxy的hostname，在web端网页配置时需要用到
DBHost=192.168.182.130            # 数据库，使用本地，也可以使用ip，我喜欢使用localhost，因为我授权就是本地，也因为配置ip失败踩过坑
DBName=zabbix_proxy               # 数据库名称，创建zabbix-proxy的mysql的数据库名称
DBUser=zabbix                     # 用户
DBPassword=zabbix                 # 密码
DBPort=3306                       # 当DBHost填写localhost时，默认是使用socket通信的，这里配置一下也无碍
#HeartbeatFrequency=60            # 心跳线（具体作用网了，看配置文件吧，这个默认就是60）
ConfigFrequency=600               # 这个好像是同步配置文件的时间
DataSenderFrequency=1             # 这个是proxy端向server端发送数据的时间，单位是秒，几乎等于实时同步

4、启动 zabbix-proxy

systemctl start zabbix-proxy.service

2）通过源码安装 zabbix-proxy

yum -y install curl-devel libevent-devel   libevent curl  libxml2-devel libxml2  pcre pcre-devel
yum install mysql-devel  -y
yum install -y net-snmp-devel

# 编译安装zabbix proxy：
wget https://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/zabbix/ZABBIX%20Latest%20Stable/4.4.0/zabbix-4.4.0.tar.gz
tar -xzvf zabbix-4.4.0.tar.gz
cd zabbix-4.4.0

# proxy：
./configure --prefix=/app/zabbix_proxy_4.4   --enable-proxy  --with-mysql   --with-libcurl --with-libxml2  --enable-ipv6 --with-net-snmp --with-openssl
ln -s /app/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.20 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.20

# 启动:
/app/zabbix_proxy_4.4/sbin/zabbix_proxy -c /app/zabbix_proxy_4.4/etc/zabbix_proxy.conf

六、通过 web 端配置代理

创建代理

配置代理信息

添加主机时选择代理

如果出现如下图，则zabbix server不能与zabbix proxy正常通信

正常通信如图：

七、zabbix-agent 安装

被监控的机器上必须安装 zabbix-agent，通过 zabbix-agent 与zabbix-proxy或者zabbix-server通信

1）yum 安装 zabbix-agent

# 添加yum源rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.4-1.el7.noarch.rpm
# 安装yum install zabbix-agent# 启动
service zabbix-agent start

2）源码安装 zabbix-agent

yum -y install curl-devel libevent-devel   libevent curl  libxml2-devel libxml2  pcre pcre-devel
yum install mysql-devel  -y
yum install -y net-snmp-devel

# 编译安装zabbix客户端：
wget https://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/zabbix/ZABBIX%20Latest%20Stable/4.4.0/zabbix-4.4.0.tar.gz
tar -xzvf zabbix-4.4.0.tar.gz
cd zabbix-4.4.0

# agent：
./configure --prefix=/app/zabbix_agent_4.4   --enable-agent  --enable-ipv6 --with-net-snmp --with-openssl

# 启动：
/app/zabbix_agent_4.4/sbin/zabbix_agentd -c /app/zabbix_agent_4.4/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf

3）修改配置(/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf)

Server=[zabbix server/zabbix proxy ip]
ServerActive=[zabbix server/zabbix proxy ip]
Hostname=[ Hostname of client system ]# 例：Server=192.168.182.130ServerActive=192.168.182.130Hostname=192.168.182.129

4）安装 zabbix-get，并测试agent端是否server端连通

# 安装
yum install -y zabbix-get
# 在服务端测试（192.168.182.132），-s --host:agent端ip；-p,--port:端口；-k,--key：监控项key
zabbix_get -s 192.168.182.130 -p 10050 -k system.hostname

# zabbix server与zabbix proxy的配置的同步是有延时的，如果需要立即同步可以手动执行命令:
zabbix_proxy -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_proxy.conf  -R config_cache_reload

zabbix 详细部署过程就先到这里了，有任何疑问欢迎给我留言或私信哦，也可关注我的公众号【大数据与云原生技术分享】加群交流哦~