# APIView--->之前一直在用---》drf提供的最顶层的父类---》以后所有视图类,都继承自它
# GenericAPIView--》继承自APIView--》封装
1.1 继承APIView+序列化类+Response写接口
urls.py--子路由--app01--urls.py
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, include from . import views urlpatterns = [ path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()), path('books/<int:pk>', views.BookDetailView.as_view()), ]
序列化类
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Book fields = ['id', 'name', 'price', 'publish', 'authors', 'publish_detail', 'author_list'] extra_kwargs = { 'publish': {'write_only': True}, 'authors': {'write_only': True}, 'publish_detail': {'read_only': True}, 'author_list': {'read_only': True}, }
表模型
class Book(models.Model): ... @property def publish_detail(self): return {'name': self.publish.name, 'city': self.publish.city} @property def author_list(self): l = [] for author in self.authors.all(): l.append({'name': author.name, 'age': author.age}) return l def __str__(self): return self.name
视图类
class BookView(APIView): def get(self, request): book_list = Book.objects.all() ser = BookSerializer(instance=book_list, many=True) return Response(ser.data) def post(self, request): ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(ser.data) else: return Response(ser.errors) class BookDetailView(APIView): def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() ser = BookSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(ser.data) else: return Response(ser.errors) def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() ser = BookSerializer(instance=book) return Response(ser.data) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).delete() return Response('')
1 继承GenericAPIView的写法 -1 在类中,写两个类属性:所有数据,序列化类 queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer -2 获取所有要序列化的数据 self.get_queryset() -3 获取序列化类 self.get_serializer(参数跟之前一样) -4 获取单挑 self.get_object() # 2 如果想快速写出Publish的5个接口,只需要修改视图类上的两个类属性即可,其他的不用动 queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublishSerializer # GenericAPIView源码分析 -1 继承了APIView -2 有些类属性--》目前只记住两个queryset,serializer_class queryset # 要序列化的所有数据 serializer_class # 序列化类 lookup_field = 'pk' # 查询单条,前端传入的参数对应值【pk】,转换器 filter_backends # 后续要学的,过滤 pagination_class # 后续要学的,分页 -3 有些对象方法 -get_queryset: 返回待序列化的数据 1 调用 .all 2 在子类中重写,控制要序列化的数据 -get_serializer: 返回 序列化类 以后用它 -本质就是---》 self.serializer_class(instance=object_list, many=True) -内部调用了:self.get_serializer_class -后期在子类中重写get_serializer_class,返回什么序列化类,以后就以哪个序列化类做序列化 - get_serializer_class 它是用来重写的 def get_serializer_class(self): if self.request.method=='GET': return '序列化的类' else: return '反序列化的类' -get_object 获取单条---》根据它:lookup_field 获取
在类中定义了属性
对象中放入了属性
self.属性 用的对象自己的
如果对象中没放:self.属性 用了类的
urls.py
urlpatterns = [ path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()), path('books/<int:pk>', views.BookDetailView.as_view()), path('publish/', views.PublishView.as_view()), path('publish/<int:pk>', views.PublishDetailView.as_view()), ]
views.py
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView class BookView(GenericAPIView): # 配置两个类属性 queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer def get(self, request): object_list = self.get_queryset() # 获取所有要序列化的数据 ser = self.get_serializer(instance=object_list, many=True) # 获取序列化类 return Response(ser.data) def post(self, request): ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(ser.data) else: return Response(ser.errors) class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() obj = self.get_object() # 获取单挑---》内部就是按pk从request中取,取出pk对应的值,查询的 ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(ser.data) else: return Response(ser.errors) def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() obj = self.get_object() ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj) return Response(ser.data) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): self.get_object().delete() return Response('') #### 快速实现publish的5个接口 from .models import Publish from .serializer import PublishSerializer class PublishView(GenericAPIView): # 配置两个类属性 print('xx') queryset = Publish.objects.all() #获取所有数据 serializer_class = PublishSerializer # def get_queryset(self): # return Publish.objects.all().filter(name__endswith="社") def get(self, request): # object_list = self.queryset.all() # 获取所有要序列化的数据 #1 写成方法的目的--》调用all() #2 子类可以重写这个方法--》返回什么,待序列化的数据就是什么 object_list = self.get_queryset() # 获取所有要序列化的数据 ser = self.get_serializer(instance=object_list, many=True) # 获取序列化类 # 本质就是---》 self.serializer_class(instance=object_list, many=True) return Response(ser.data) def post(self, request): ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(ser.data) else: return Response(ser.errors) def get_serializer_class(self): if self.request.method=='GET': return '序列化的类' else: return '反序列化的类' class PublishDetailView(GenericAPIView): queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublishSerializer def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() obj = self.get_object() # 获取单挑---》内部就是按pk从request中取,取出pk对应的值,查询的 ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(ser.data) else: return Response(ser.errors) def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() obj = self.get_object() ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj) return Response(ser.data) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): self.get_object().delete() return Response('')
serializer.py
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Book fields = ['id', 'name', 'price', 'publish', 'authors', 'publish_detail', 'author_list'] extra_kwargs = { 'publish': {'write_only': True}, 'authors': {'write_only': True}, 'publish_detail': {'read_only': True}, 'author_list': {'read_only': True}, } class PublishSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Publish fields = "__all__"
继承 GenericAPIView+5个视图扩展类+序列化类+Response
视图类
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, \ DestroyModelMixin class BookView(GenericAPIView, CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin): # 配置两个类属性 queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer def get(self, request): return super().list(request) def post(self, request): # 做保存,加了这一句---》目的是:子类可以重写,增强扩展性 # self.perform_create(serializer) return super().create(request) class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().update(request, *args, **kwargs) def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
9个视图子类---》视图类
# CreateAPIView继承了 GenericAPIView, CreateModelMixin,写了post方法 from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView, ListAPIView from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView, DestroyAPIView, UpdateAPIView from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView, RetrieveDestroyAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIView # from rest_framework.generics import DestroyUpdateAPIView # 一般不存在,所以就没有 # 实现图书的5个接口 # class BookView(ListCreateAPIView): # # 配置两个类属性 # queryset = Book.objects.all() # serializer_class = BookSerializer # # # class BookDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): # queryset = Book.objects.all() # serializer_class = BookSerializer # # 实现新增,查所有和查询一条 class BookView(ListCreateAPIView): # 配置两个类属性 queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer class BookDetailView(RetrieveAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet class BookView(ModelViewSet): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer
路由
path('books/',
views.BookView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})), path('books/<int:pk>',
views.BookView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','delete':'destroy'})),