COMP4620/8620 – Advanced Topics in AI
Decision-making under Uncertainty in Robotics
Semester-2 2023 – Assignment 1
Due date: Monday, 4 September 2023 23:59 Canberra time
Convenor & Lecturer: Hanna Kurniawati
Update 29/08/23:
• No changes in the text, just reposition the picture to look nicer :)
Update 22/08/23:
• In each primitive step, the chair cannot move more than 0.10 rad 0.1 0 .
• The time limit used will be CPU time. The time limit for the examples in the accompanying
supporting codes are: 4 seconds for the no gripper example and 10 seconds for the example
with gripper.
Update 14/08/23:
• Replace all hypen (‘-’) in class/fifile/folder names with underscore (‘ ’)
Notes:
1. This is an individual assignment.
2. This assignment consists of two parts: Programming and Report. The maximum total mark is
100 points, with a maximum of 60 points for the Programming component and a maximum of
40 points for the Report component.
3. Submission Instruction:
(a) You must write your program in Java. Supporting code (for checking the validity of a
confifiguration) is provided.
(b) Your main program should be placed in a fifile named a1 [courseCode] [UID].java.
(c) Your program should compile from command prompt (e.g., using ant) and generate a fifile
that can be run from command prompt as:
> java -jar a1 [courseCode] [UID].jar inputFileName outputFileName
OR
> java a1 [courseCode] [UID] inputFileName outputFileName
[courseCode] must be replaced with 4620 or 8620, depending on which class you are
enrolled in.
[UID] must be replaced with your ANU ID.
(d) The report should be in .pdf format and named a1 [courseCode] [UID].pdf.
(e) The report and all the source codes necessary to compile your program should be placed
inside a folder named a1 [courseCode] [UID]. Please submit only source codes (i.e.,
remove all object an executable fifiles).
(f) The folder should be zipped under the name a1 [courseCode] [UID].zip and the zip
fifile should be submitted via wattle before the due date.
Page 1 of 5 – Advanced Topics in AI – (COMP4620/8620)(a) (b) (c)
Figure 2: Illustration of a simplifified wheelchair robot and its environment.
s
Figure 1: Wheelchair robot
UNA has purchased the hardware for a robotics wheelchair
that staffff and students in need can use for free. It is essen
tially a wheelchair with a robotics arm and gripper, as il
lustrated in Figure 1. To provide better functionality, UNA
is developing the software package to plan the wheelchair
robot motion autonomously, given initial and goal confifig
urations. COMP4620/8620 has been hired to develop the
core motion planning component of the software, and this
assignment is about developing a simplifified prototype of the
planner.
Specififically, in this assignment, you need to develop a mo
tion planning method and its implementation for a simplifified
version of the above wheelchair and analyse its performance.
The simplifification is detailed below.
The simplifified wheelchair robot operates in a 2D workspace (rather than 3D). In particular, the 2D
workspace is a plane, represented as [0, 1] × [0, 1] ⊂ R 2 and is populated by rectangular obstacles.
The exact dimension and position of each obstacle in the environment is known prior to execution.
Figure 2(a) illustrates an example of this environment.
The wheelchair robot is composed of three parts: The chair (base), a robot arm, and a gripper (illus
trated in Figure 2(b)). The details of each part are:
1. The chair can be thought of as a base for the arm (and gripper) and is a square of size 0.04×0.04
unit2 . The base can only translate. A local coordinate system is attached to this base. The origin
of this coordinate system is at the center of the square, while the X and Y axis are parallel to
the X and Y axis of the workspace, as illustrated in Figure 2(c).
2. The robot arm forms a chain and consists of J links and J joints, where J is a positive integer.
Each link is a line segment attached to a joint. We number the joints and links sequentially (with
the index starting at 1), i.e., joint-1 is located at the center of the base, link-1 is a line-segment
attached to joint-1, joint-2 lies at the other end of link-1, etc. Each joint is a rotational joint.
A local coordinate system is attached to each joint. The origin of this coordinate system is the
position of the joint. For joint-1, this coordinate system coincides with the coordinate system
of the base. For other joints, the X axis is the line that coincides with the previous link. Each
joint is a rotational joint, which means it can only rotate. We defifine the joint angle of joint-i as
Page 2 of 5 – Advanced Topics in AI – (COMP4620/8620)the angle between link-i and the X axis of the coordinate system attached to joint-i. The joint
angle of each joint is limited to be within [−1500
, 1500 ]. Figure 2(c) illustrates the coordinate
system of the rotational joints. Each link is of size 0.05 unit length.
3. The gripper consists of 2 L shape segments: upper and lower gripper, as illustrated in Fig
ure 2(c). It is attached to the last link of the arm and has a fifixed relative orientation with
respect to the last link of the arm. However, the length of the segments can be altered and is
defifined as (u1, u2) for the upper gripper and as (l1, l2) for the lower gripper, where u1, u2, l1, l2 ∈
[0.03, 0.07].
What your program should do
Given the initial and goal confifigurations of the wheelchair robot, as well as a map of the environment,
your program must fifind a valid path from the initial to the goal confifiguration. A valid path means that
when the wheelchair robot executes the path, it will satisfy the following requirements:
1. The path consists of primitive steps. In each primitive step, the chair cannot move more than
0.001 unit, each joint angle cannot move more than 0.10 rad 0.1 0 , and the length of a segment
in the gripper cannot move more 0.001 unit.
2. The robot will not collide with any of the obstacles in the workspace.
3. The robot will not collide with itself.
4. The entire wheelchair robot must lie inside the workspace.
5. The joint angles for the robot arm and the segment length for the gripper must be inside their
respective lower and upper limit as described in the previous section (i.e. [−1500
, 1500 ] for the
joint angles and [0.03, 0.07] for the segment length).
6. Since a primitive step is very small, it is suffiffifficient to satisfy requirements 2-5 at the beginning
and end of each primitive step.
To help you develop the motion planning solution, we provide a supporting program (in Java) to test
if a confifiguration satisfifies the above validity requirements.
Your program should take a .txt fifile containing the problem scenarios as input and output a .txt fifile
containing the resulting path. The input and output should follow the format described in the next
section.
Input and Output format
To describe the format of the input fifile, we fifirst need to describe the format of a confifiguration.
Format of a confifiguration. A confifiguration is represented by n real numbers, where n is the dimension
of the C-space. Each number is separated by a white space. The fifirst two numbers are the position of
the origin of the chair’s coordinate system in the workspace. If the wheelchair does not have a gripper,
the last n − 2 numbers are the joint angles in sequential order (i.e., the third number is the joint angle
of joint-1, the fourth number is the joint angle of joint-2, etc.). Each joint angle is defifined in radian.
If the wheelchair has a gripper, the subsequent n − 6 numbers are the joint angles in sequential order,
while the last 4 numbers are the values of u1, u2, l1, l2, respectively.
Input format. The program you develop should accept a .txt fifile as input. The fifile contains the type of
wheelchair, the initial and goal confifigurations, and the obstacles position and dimension. The format
of the input fifile is as follows.
Page 3 of 5 – Advanced Topics in AI – (COMP4620/8620)1. The fifile consists of k + 4 lines, where k is the number of obstacles in the environment.
2. The fifirst line is the type of wheelchair robot. There is only two possibilities, i.e., withGripper
and noGripper for a wheelchair robot with a gripper and without a gripper, respectively.
3. The second line is the initial confifiguration.
4. The third line is the goal confifiguration.
5. The fourth line is the number of obstacles in the environment.
6. Each line in the next k lines represents an obstacle and consists of 4 real numbers. The fifirst two
numbers represent the X and Y position of the upper-left vertex of the rectangle, while the last
two represent the X and Y position of the lower-right vertex of the rectangle.
Output format. Your program should output the wheelchair robot’s path to a .txt fifile with the following
format.
1. The fifile consists of m + 2 lines, where m is the number of primitive steps in your path.
2. The fifirst line is the number of line-segments.
3. The second line is the initial confifiguration.
4. The next m lines are the end confifiguration of each primitive step.
Examples of the input and output fifiles are in the accompanying supporting program.
Grading for the Programming Part (total points: 60/100)
For marking, we will use 2 difffferent classes of queries:
1. Class-1: The wheelchair robot consists of a chair and an arm.
2. Class-2: The wheelchair robot consists of all components, i.e., a chair, arm, and gripper.
Each class has 3 problem scenarios and queries. The arm in each scenario will have at least 1 joint
and 1 link, and at most 10 joints and 10 links.
If you use sampling-based method, we will run your program 5× for each query. Your program is
deemed as solving the query within the given time limit if it solves at least 3 out of 5 runs within the
given time limit. The details of the grading scheme is provided below.
• Mark = 0: No program is submitted
• 1 ≤ Mark < 10: The program does not compile.
• 10 ≤ Mark < 15: The program compiles but does not run.
• If the program runs, you will receive 15 points plus Total QueryMarks, where each QueryMark
will be given as follows:
1. For each query where your program fails to output a valid path within 2× the time limit,
you will receive a QueryMark = 1.
2. For each query where your program outputs a valid path but requires a planning time
longer than the time limit but under 2× the time limit, you will receive a QueryMark = 3
for class-1 scenario (i.e., no gripper) and a QueryMark = 4.5 for class-2 scenario (i.e.,
with gripper).
3. For each query where your program outputs a valid path longer than the time limit, you
Page 4 of 5 – Advanced Topics in AI – (COMP4620/8620)will receive a QueryMark = 6 for class-1 scenario (i.e., no gripper) and a QueryMark = 9
for class-2 scenario (i.e., with gripper).
Report (total points: 40/100)
Your report must contain answers to the following questions:
1. [5 pts] Please defifine the Confifiguration Space of the problem.
2. [10 pts] Please explain the motion planning method that you use to solve the problem. You
need to include the description of the solution and reasonings for why you choose the particular
method and the design choices you made.
3. [12.5 pts] Please provide empirical analysis of your method with respect to the number of links
in the arm of the wheelchair robot, for both classes of queries. Please provide the scenario
(environment) you use for testing in the report.
4. [12.5 pts] Under what situation will your program fail? Please explain your answer.
Hint on how to get started
The following tasks are provided as hints to get you started.
1. Defifine the Confifiguration Space of the problem
2. Identify a suitable motion planning method for solving. If the method you choose to use is
sampling-based motion planning, you will need to:
(a) Develop the method for sampling the milestones
(b) Develop the method to insert edges
(c) Develop the method to fifind a path from the given initial to goal confifigurations.
3. Evaluate your method. If you use sampling-based method, this evaluation needs to consider the
random nature of the method.
oOo That’s all folks oOo
Page 5 of 5 – Advanced Topics in AI – (COMP4620/8620)