参考：
在使用 git 进行代码版本管理时，对于不想提交的部分内容，可以通过 .gitignore 文件来配置提交时需忽略的内容。
1 .gitignore 模板
# ---> Python
# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
__pycache__/
*.py[cod]
*$py.class
# C extensions
*.so
# Distribution / packaging
.Python
build/
develop-eggs/
dist/
downloads/
eggs/
.eggs/
lib/
lib64/
parts/
sdist/
var/
wheels/
pip-wheel-metadata/
share/python-wheels/
*.egg-info/
.installed.cfg
*.egg
MANIFEST
# PyInstaller
# Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
# before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
*.manifest
*.spec
# Installer logs
pip-log.txt
pip-delete-this-directory.txt
# Unit test / coverage reports
htmlcov/
.tox/
.nox/
.coverage
.coverage.*
.cache
nosetests.xml
coverage.xml
*.cover
*.py,cover
.hypothesis/
.pytest_cache/
# Translations
*.mo
*.pot
# Django stuff:
*.log
local_settings.py
db.sqlite3
db.sqlite3-journal
# Flask stuff:
instance/
.webassets-cache
# Scrapy stuff:
.scrapy
# Sphinx documentation
docs/_build/
# PyBuilder
target/
# Jupyter Notebook
.ipynb_checkpoints
# IPython
profile_default/
ipython_config.py
# pyenv
.python-version
# pipenv
# According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control.
# However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies
# having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not
# install all needed dependencies.
#Pipfile.lock
# PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow
__pypackages__/
# Celery stuff
celerybeat-schedule
celerybeat.pid
# SageMath parsed files
*.sage.py
# Environments
.env
.venv
env/
venv/
ENV/
env.bak/
venv.bak/
# Spyder project settings
.spyderproject
.spyproject
# Rope project settings
.ropeproject
# mkdocs documentation
/site
# mypy
.mypy_cache/
.dmypy.json
dmypy.json
# Pyre type checker
.pyre/
# ---> macOS
# General
.DS_Store
.AppleDouble
.LSOverride
# Icon must end with two \r
Icon
# Thumbnails
._*
# Files that might appear in the root of a volume
.DocumentRevisions-V100
.fseventsd
.Spotlight-V100
.TemporaryItems
.Trashes
.VolumeIcon.icns
.com.apple.timemachine.donotpresent
# Directories potentially created on remote AFP share
.AppleDB
.AppleDesktop
Network Trash Folder
Temporary Items
.apdisk
# ---> VisualStudioCode
.vscode/*
.vscode/settings.json
*.code-workspace
# local config
local_config.py
# log
*.log.*
# .env
! default.env
# .idea 配置文件
.idea/
# customize dirs or file
datas/
docker_image_build_tmp/
logs/
results/
./git
.gitignore
utils/*_config_*.json
示例说明：
bin/: 忽略当前路径下的bin文件夹，该文件夹下的所有内容都会被忽略，不忽略 bin 文件
/bin: 忽略根目录下的bin文件
/*.c: 忽略 cat.c，不忽略 build/cat.c
debug/*.obj: 忽略 debug/io.obj，不忽略 debug/common/io.obj 和 tools/debug/io.obj
**/foo: 忽略/foo, a/foo, a/b/foo等
a/**/b: 忽略a/b, a/x/b, a/x/y/b等
!/bin/run.sh: 不忽略 bin 目录下的 run.sh 文件
*.log: 忽略所有 .log 文件
config.php: 忽略当前路径的 config.php 文件
2 更新 .gitignore 提交无效
.gitignore 只能忽略那些原来没有被 track 的文件，如果某些文件已经被纳入了版本管理中，则修改 .gitignore 是无效的。
解决方法是先把本地缓存删除（改变成未 track 状态），然后再提交：
git rm -r --cached .
git add .
git commit -m 'update .gitignore'
3 git add . 和 git add * 区别
git add .会把本地所有 untrack 的文件都加入暂存区，并且会根据.gitignore做过滤；- 但是
git add *会忽略.gitignore把任何文件都加入；