selenium等待元素加载,元素操作,执行js,切换选项卡,前进后退,异常处理,登录cnblogs,抽屉半自动点赞,xpath使用,动作链,自动登录12306

发布时间 2023-11-07 15:01:39作者: 毓见

1 selenium等待元素加载?

# 程序执行速度很快---》获取标签---》标签还没加载好---》直接去拿会报错
 
# 显示等待:当你要找一个标签的时候,给它加单独加等待时间
# 隐士等待:只要写一行,代码中查找标签,如果标签没加载好,会自动等待
	browser.implicitly_wait(10)

2 selenium元素操作?

# 输入框输入内容,删除内容
	tag.send_keys(写文字)
    tag.clear()
# 按钮点击
	tag.click

3 selenium执行js?

#1  其实再页面中,可能有些变量,全局的,直接可以把变量打印出来
#2 js操作页面
 
from selenium import webdriver
import time
bro = webdriver.Chrome()
bro.get('https://www.pearvideo.com/')
bro.implicitly_wait(10)
 
# bro.execute_script('alert(urlMap.loginUrl);')
# 获取当前页面cookie
# bro.execute_script('alert(document.cookie)')
# bro.execute_script('alert(window.location)')
 
 
bro.execute_script('scrollTo(0,document.documentElement.scrollHeight)')
# 可以干的事
# 	-获取当前访问的地址  window.location
#     -打开新的标签
#     -滑动屏幕--》bro.execute_script('scrollTo(0,document.documentElement.scrollHeight)')
#     -获取cookie,获取定义的全局变量
 
time.sleep(5)
bro.close() # 关闭选项卡
bro.quit()  # 关闭页面

4 selenium切换选项卡?

from selenium import webdriver
import time
bro = webdriver.Chrome()
bro.get('https://www.pearvideo.com/')
bro.implicitly_wait(10)
print(bro.window_handles)
# 开启选项卡
bro.execute_script('window.open()')
# 获取出所有选项卡
 
bro.switch_to.window(bro.window_handles[1]) # 切换到某个选项卡
bro.get('http://www.taobao.com')
 
time.sleep(2)
bro.switch_to.window(bro.window_handles[0]) # 切换到某个选项卡
bro.get('http://www.baidu.com')
 
time.sleep(2)
bro.close() # 关闭选项卡
bro.quit()  # 关闭页面

5 selenium前进后退,异常处理?

bro.back()
time.sleep(2)
bro.forward()

6 selenium登录cnblogs?

# 1 打开cnblogs,点进登录页面,输入用户名密码,点登录(可能会出现验证码)--》手动操作
 
# 2 登录成功后----》拿到cookie---》保存到本地---》关闭浏览器
 
# 3 开启selenium,打开浏览器---》把本地的cookie写入到当前浏览器中----》当前浏览器就是登录状态
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
import json
 
##### 先登录
# bro = webdriver.Chrome()
# bro.get('https://www.cnblogs.com/')
# bro.implicitly_wait(5)
# bro.maximize_window()
# login_btn = bro.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, '登录')
# login_btn.click()
# time.sleep(2)
# username = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#mat-input-0')
# password = bro.find_element(By.ID, 'mat-input-1')
# submit_button = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,
#                                  'body > app-root > app-sign-in-layout > div > div > app-sign-in > app-content-container > div > div > div > form > div > button > span.mat-button-wrapper')
# username.send_keys('616564099@qq.com')
# password.send_keys('LiuQingzheng12#')
#
# submit_button.click()
#
# # 有可能出现验证码
# input('')  # 手动操作验证码,操作完后,敲回车程序继续执行
# time.sleep(2)  # 登录成功了,有cookie了
# cookies = bro.get_cookies()
# print(cookies)
# with open('cnblogs.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
#     json.dump(cookies, f)
#
# time.sleep(2)
# bro.close()
 
 
### 再次打开
bro = webdriver.Chrome()
bro.get('https://www.cnblogs.com/')
bro.implicitly_wait(5)
bro.maximize_window()
time.sleep(3)
# 本地的cookie,从cookie池中拿的
with open('./cnblogs.json','r',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    cookies=json.load(f)
for item in cookies:  # 存起来的是列表套字典,add_cookie是add字典
    bro.add_cookie(item)
 
 
bro.refresh() # 刷新页面
time.sleep(5)
bro.close()

7 抽屉半自动点赞?

import time
import json
 
import requests
## 使用selenium登录上去,手动处理验证码
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
 
# bro = webdriver.Chrome()
# bro.implicitly_wait(5)
# bro.get('https://dig.chouti.com/')
#
# btn_login = bro.find_element(By.ID, 'login_btn')
# # btn_login.click()  # 按钮没找到  使用js点击
# bro.execute_script("arguments[0].click()", btn_login)
# time.sleep(2)
#
# phone = bro.find_element(By.NAME, 'phone')
# password = bro.find_element(By.NAME, 'password')
# phone.send_keys('18953675221')
# password.send_keys('lqz123')
# time.sleep(2)
# btn_login1 = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,
#                               'body > div.login-dialog.dialog.animated2.scaleIn > div > div.login-footer > div:nth-child(4) > button')
# btn_login1.click()
# # 可能会出验证码,手动操作
# input('你好了吗')
# time.sleep(2)
# cookies = bro.get_cookies()
# print(cookies)
# with open('chouti.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
#     json.dump(cookies, f)
#
# time.sleep(2)
# bro.close()
 
 
### 拿10个要点的新闻
header = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
}
# 打开读出cookie
with open('./chouti.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    cookies = json.load(f)
# 把selenium拿到的cookie组装成requests能用的cookie
real_cookie = {}
for item in cookies:
    real_cookie[item['name']] = item['value']
 
print(real_cookie)
 
res = requests.get('https://dig.chouti.com/top/24hr?_=1689043464339', headers=header).json()
for item in res.get('data'):
    link_id = item.get('id')
    # 缺cookie,如果有了cookie,可以整个页面全点一遍
    data = {
        'linkId': link_id
    }
    res = requests.post('https://dig.chouti.com/link/vote', headers=header, data=data, cookies=real_cookie)
    print(res.text)

8 xpath使用?

# 页面中定位元素(标签),两种通用方式
	-css选择器
    -xpath:XPath即为XML路径语言(XML Path Language),它是一种用来确定XML文档中某部分位置的语言
    
    
# xpath语法
    div	选取div标签
    /	从根节点选取
    //	从匹配选择的当前节点选择文档中的节点,而不考虑它们的位置
    .	选取当前节点。
    ..	选取当前节点的父节点。
    @	选取属性
 
    
    
    
doc = '''
<html>
 <head>
  <base href='http://example.com/' />
  <title>Example website</title>
 </head>
 <body>
  <div id='images'>
   <a href='image1.html' id='lqz'>Name: My image 1 <br /><img src='image1_thumb.jpg' /></a>
   <a href='image2.html'>Name: My image 2 <br /><img src='image2_thumb.jpg' /></a>
   <a href='image3.html'>Name: My image 3 <br /><img src='image3_thumb.jpg' /></a>
   <a href='image4.html'>Name: My image 4 <br /><img src='image4_thumb.jpg' /></a>
   <a href='image5.html' class='li li-item' name='items'>Name: My image 5 <br /><img src='image5_thumb.jpg' /></a>
   <a href='image6.html' name='items'><span><h5>test</h5></span>Name: My image 6 <br /><img src='image6_thumb.jpg' /></a>
  </div>
 </body>
</html>
'''
from lxml import etree
 
html = etree.HTML(doc)
# html=etree.parse('search.html',etree.HTMLParser())
# 1 所有节点
# a=html.xpath('//*')
# 2 指定节点(结果为列表)
# a=html.xpath('//head')
# 3 子节点,子孙节点
# a=html.xpath('//div/a')
# a=html.xpath('//body/a') #无数据
# a=html.xpath('//body//a')
# 4 父节点
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]/..')
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[1]/..')
# 也可以这样
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[1]/parent::*')
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[1]/parent::div')
# 5 属性匹配
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]')
 
# 6 文本获取     /text()
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]/text()')
 
# 7 属性获取     @属性名
# a=html.xpath('//body//a/@href')
# # 注意从1 开始取(不是从0)
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[1]/@href')
 
# 8 属性多值匹配
#  a 标签有多个class类,直接匹配就不可以了,需要用contains
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[@class="li"]')
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li")]')
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li")]/text()')
# 9 多属性匹配
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li") or @name="items"]')
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li") and @name="items"]/text()')
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li")]/text()')
# 10 按序选择
# a=html.xpath('//a[2]/text()')
# a=html.xpath('//a[2]/@href')
# 取最后一个
# a=html.xpath('//a[last()]/@href')
# a=html.xpath('//a[last()-1]/@href') # 倒数第二个
# 位置小于3的
# a = html.xpath('//a[position()<3]/@href')
 
# 倒数第三个
# a=html.xpath('//a[last()-2]/@href')
# 11 节点轴选择
# ancestor:祖先节点
# 使用了* 获取所有祖先节点
# a=html.xpath('//a/ancestor::*')
# # 获取祖先节点中的div
# a=html.xpath('//a/ancestor::div')
# attribute:属性值
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/attribute::*')
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/attribute::href')
 
# child:直接子节点
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/child::*')
# descendant:所有子孙节点
# a=html.xpath('//a[6]/descendant::*')
# following:当前节点之后所有节点
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following::*')
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following::*[1]/@href')
# following-sibling:当前节点之后同级节点
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*')
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::a')
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*[2]')
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*[2]/@href')
 
# print(a)
 
 
'''
/
//
.
..
取文本  /text()
取属性  /@属性名
根据属性过滤  [@属性名=属性值]
class 特殊
[contains(@class,"li")]
'''
 
 
# 终极大招

9 动作链?

# 模拟鼠标点住,拖动的效果,实现滑块认证
 
# 两种形式
	-形式一:
        actions=ActionChains(bro) #拿到动作链对象
        actions.drag_and_drop(sourse,target) #把动作放到动作链中,准备串行执行
        actions.perform()
    -方式二:
    	ActionChains(bro).click_and_hold(sourse).perform()
    	distance=target.location['x']-sourse.location['x']
        track=0
        while track < distance:
            ActionChains(bro).move_by_offset(xoffset=2,yoffset=0).perform()
            track+=2
 
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait  # 等待页面加载某些元素
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
 
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
driver.implicitly_wait(3)
driver.maximize_window()
 
try:
    driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')  ##切换到iframeResult
    sourse = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'draggable')
    target = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'droppable')
 
    # 方式一:基于同一个动作链串行执行
    # actions = ActionChains(driver)  # 拿到动作链对象
    # actions.drag_and_drop(sourse, target)  # 把动作放到动作链中,准备串行执行
    # actions.perform()
 
    # 方式二:不同的动作链,每次移动的位移都不同
    ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourse).perform()  # 鼠标点中源 标签 不松开
    distance=target.location['x']-sourse.location['x']
 
    track = 0
    while track < distance:
        ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2, yoffset=0).perform()
        track += 2
    ActionChains(driver).release().perform()
    time.sleep(10)
 
finally:
    driver.close()

10 自动登录12306?

import time
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
# 12306检测到咱们用了自动化测试软件,
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled")  # 去掉自动化控制
bro = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
bro.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')
bro.implicitly_wait(5)
bro.maximize_window()
user_login = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,
                              '#toolbar_Div > div.login-panel > div.login-box > ul > li.login-hd-code.active > a')
 
user_login.click()
time.sleep(1)
 
username = bro.find_element(By.ID, 'J-userName')
password = bro.find_element(By.ID, 'J-password')
submit_btn = bro.find_element(By.ID, 'J-login')
username.send_keys('18953675221')
password.send_keys('')
time.sleep(3)
submit_btn.click()
 
time.sleep(5)
 
# 找到滑块
span = bro.find_element(By.ID, 'nc_1_n1z')
ActionChains(bro).click_and_hold(span).perform()
ActionChains(bro).move_by_offset(xoffset=300, yoffset=0).perform()
ActionChains(bro).release().perform()
time.sleep(5)
 
bro.close()