现代管理科学理论：
Major Approaches to Management
3000 BC – 1776: Early Management
1911 – 1947 Late: Classical Approach
1700s – 1950s: Behavioral Approach
1940s – 1950s: Quantitative Approach
1960s – present: Contemporary Approaches
Contemporary(1960s – present) approaches:
- System approach
- Contingency approach
- Technology and Computerization
Quantitative(1940s – 1950s) approach:
- Early Advocates
- Hawthorne Studies
- Organizational Behavior
Behavioral(1700s – 1950s) Approach:
Classical(1911 – 1947 Late) Approaches:
- Scientific Management
- General Administrative
Historical(3000 BC – 1776) Backgroud:
- Early Examples of Management
- Adam Smith: The Wealth of Nations
- Industrial Revolution
Principles of Scientific Management, Frederick Taylor, published in 1991
- Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work,
to replace the old rule-of-thumb method. - Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.
- Heartily cooperate with the workers to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed.
- Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers.
Management does all work for which it is better suited than the workers.
Source: F. W. Taylor, Principles of Scientific Management (New York: Harper, 1911).
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