springmvc 接口的测试方式 RestTemplate、MockMvc、 Swagger、postman

/**
 * 注意：RestTemplate会在底层通过jackson 转成json 格式发送，因此controler接收的时候，要在参数上使用注解 @RequestBody 进行标注
 */
@SpringBootTest
public class Test_RestTemplate {

    private static RestTemplate restTemplate = null;

    @BeforeEach
    public void befor(){
        restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
    }
    @Test
    public void testSelectbyid(){
        Result result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/bootmvc/selectbyid/{id}", Result.class, 5);
        System.out.println(result);
    }
    @Test
    public void testSelectAll(){
        ResponseEntity<Result> forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8080/bootmvc/selectall", Result.class);
        System.out.println(forEntity.getBody());
    }
    @Test
    public void testInsertUser(){
        User user = new User(5,"刘邦", "大泽乡");
        //Result result = restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:8080/bootmvc/insertuser", user, Result.class);
        ResponseEntity<Result> resultResponseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity("http://localhost:8080/bootmvc/insertuser", user, Result.class);
        System.out.println(resultResponseEntity.getBody());
    }
    @Test
    public void updataUser(){
        User user = new User("刘邦", "河间");
        /**
         * 注意 rest风格传递数据："http://localhost:8080/bootmvc/updatauser/{id}" 和 new HttpEntity<>(user)
         * 一起使用的时候，在controler接收时候 id并不会被自动合并user里，可能是因为user传的是json过去，不是通过modeview传递的原因
         */
        ResponseEntity<Result> exchange = restTemplate.exchange("http://localhost:8080/bootmvc/updatauser/{id}", HttpMethod.POST, new HttpEntity<>(user), Result.class, 5);
        System.out.println(exchange.getBody());
    }

}

//注意使用静态导入的方式

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.*;

@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc //专门用于做mockmvc的， 由spring-test提供， 依赖junit5, 如果没有该注解需要通过代码构建MockMvc
class MyMockMvcTests {
    @Autowired
    MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    void testSelectAll() throws Exception {
        //JsonPath 官网：https://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/

        this.mockMvc.perform(
                get("/bootmvc/selectall")
                        .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
        ).andExpect(status().isOk())
                //参考数据：Headers = [Content-Type:"application/json;charset=UTF-8"]
                .andExpect(header().stringValues("Content-Type","application/json;charset=UTF-8"))
                //参考数据：Body = {"code":200,"message":"查询成功","object":{"1":{"id":1,"username":"张三","address":"北京"},"2":{"id":2,"username":"李四","address":"天津"},"3":{"id":3,"username":"王五","address":"河北"},"4":{"id":4,"username":"赵六","address":"河南"}}}
                .andExpect( jsonPath("$.message").value("查询成功") )
                .andExpect( jsonPath("$.object.length()").value(4) )//读取
                .andExpect( jsonPath("$.object.['1'].username").value("张三")) //读取map值
                .andDo(print());

    }
    @Test
    void testHelloWorld() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(get("/helloworld/hello").accept(MediaType.ALL_VALUE))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string("hello"))//断言返回值是字符串 “hello”
                .andDo(print());
    }
}

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.springfox/springfox-swagger2
            使用swagger2 需要添加配置，目前3.x版本的springboot 配置swagger2会报错，只能将spring版本降到2.7.14
                spring.mvc.pathmatch.matching-strategy=ant_path_matcher
        -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>

@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class SwaggerConfig {
    @Bean
    public Docket createRestApi() {
        return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
                .pathMapping("/")
                .select()
                .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.example.springboot04_mocmvc.controler"))//需要生成接口文档的包路径
                .paths(PathSelectors.any())
                .build().apiInfo(new ApiInfoBuilder()
                        .title("SpringBoot整合Swagger")
                        .description("SpringBoot整合Swagger，详细信息......")
                        .version("1.0")
                        .contact(new Contact("负责人信息","www.antifouling.cn","123@qq.com"))
                        .build());
    }
}