一、环境准备
参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/Mr-Ding/p/17773745.html
二、部署ETCD集群
2.1、准备cfssl证书生成工具
cd k8s1.20二进制包/
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
2.2、生成Etcd证书
2.2.1、之前证书颁发机构(CA)
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd ~/TLS/etcd
自签CA:
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书:
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
会生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件
2.2.2、使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书
创建证书申请文件:
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.100.31",
"192.168.100.33",
"192.168.100.34",
"192.168.100.38",
"192.168.100.39"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
注:上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
生成证书:
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
会生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件。
2.3、部署ETCD集群
以下在master1节点上操作,为简化操作,待会将master1节点生成的所有文件拷贝到node1节点和node2节点.
2.3.1、创建工作目录并解压二进制包
cd ~/k8s1.20二进制包/
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
2.3.2、创建etcd配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.100.31:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.100.31:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.100.31:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.100.31:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.100.31:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.100.33:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.100.34:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
- ETCD_NAME:节点名称,集群中唯一
- ETCD_DATA_DIR:数据目录
- ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信监听地址
- ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客户端访问监听地址
- ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEERURLS:集群通告地址
- ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客户端通告地址
- ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群节点地址
- ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_TOKEN:集群Token
- ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的当前状态,new是新集群,existing表示加入已有集群
2.3.3、systemd管理etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
2.3.4、拷贝刚才生成的证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
2.3.5、将上面master1节点所有生成的文件拷贝到node1节点和node2节点
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.100.33:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.100.33:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.100.34:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.100.34:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
然后在node1节点和node2节点分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP:
vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-2" # 修改此处,node1改为etcd-2,node2改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.100.33:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.100.33:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.100.33:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.100.33:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.100.31:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.100.33:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.100.34:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
最后启动etcd并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
2.3.6、查看集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.100.31:2379,https://192.168.100.33:2379,https://192.168.100.34:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table
+-----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| ENDPOINT | HEALTH | TOOK | ERROR |
+-----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://192.168.100.31:2379 | true | 7.213794ms | |
| https://192.168.100.34:2379 | true | 36.612749ms | |
| https://192.168.100.33:2379 | true | 35.594508ms | |
+-----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
三、安装docker
3.1、解压二进制包
tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin
3.2、systemd管理docker
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
3.3、创建配置文件
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
3.4、启动并设为开机自启
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
3.5、node1和node2安装docker
#发送docker二进制包到node1和node2服务器
[root@k8s-master1 ~/k8s1.20二进制包]# scp docker-19.03.9.tgz 192.168.100.33:/root
docker-19.03.9.tgz 100% 58MB 114.2MB/s 00:00
[root@k8s-master1 ~/k8s1.20二进制包]# scp docker-19.03.9.tgz 192.168.100.34:/root
docker-19.03.9.tgz 100% 58MB 118.1MB/s 00:00
#创建/etc/docker目录
mkdir /etc/docker
#在node1和node2上分别解压docker二进制包
tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin
#把master1上的docker配置文件分别发送到node1和node2上
[root@k8s-master1 ~/k8s1.20二进制包]# scp /etc/docker/daemon.json 192.168.100.33:/etc/docker/
daemon.json 100% 67 64.0KB/s 00:00
[root@k8s-master1 ~/k8s1.20二进制包]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 192.168.100.33:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
docker.service 100% 452 424.5KB/s 00:00
[root@k8s-master1 ~/k8s1.20二进制包]# scp /etc/docker/daemon.json 192.168.100.34:/etc/docker/
daemon.json 100% 67 65.2KB/s 00:00
[root@k8s-master1 ~/k8s1.20二进制包]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 192.168.100.34:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
docker.service 100% 452 511.3KB/s 00:00
#在node1和node2上启动docker服务并设为开机自启
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
四、部署Master Node
4.1、生成kube-apiserver证书
4.1.1、自签证书颁发机构(CA)
cd ~/TLS/k8s
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书:
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
会生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件。
4.1.2、使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书
创建证书申请文件:
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.100.31",
"192.168.100.33",
"192.168.100.34",
"192.168.100.37",
"192.168.100.38",
"192.168.100.39",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
注:上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
生成证书:
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare serve
会生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件。
4.1.3、解压二进制包
cd ~/k8s1.20二进制包/
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
4.2、部署kube-apiserver
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.100.31:2379,https://192.168.100.33:2379,https://192.168.100.34:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.100.31 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.100.31 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--service-account-issuer=api \\
--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
注:上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符,第二个是换行符,使用转义符是为了使用EOF保留换行符。
- --logtostderr:启用日志
- ---v:日志等级
- --log-dir:日志目录
- --etcd-servers:etcd集群地址
- --bind-address:监听地址
- --secure-port:https安全端口
- --advertise-address:集群通告地址
- --allow-privileged:启用授权
- --service-cluster-ip-range:Service虚拟IP地址段
- --enable-admission-plugins:准入控制模块
- --authorization-mode:认证授权,启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
- --enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用TLS bootstrap机制
- --token-auth-file:bootstrap token文件
- --service-node-port-range:Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
- --kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
- --tls-xxx-file:apiserver https证书
- 20版本必须加的参数:--service-account-issuer,--service-account-signing-key-file
- --etcd-xxxfile:连接Etcd集群证书
- --audit-log-xxx:审计日志
- 启动聚合层相关配置:--requestheader-client-ca-file,--proxy-client-cert-file,--proxy-client-key-file,--requestheader-allowed-names,--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix,--requestheader-group-headers,--requestheader-username-headers,--enable-aggregator-routing
4.2.1、拷贝刚才生成的证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
4.2.2、启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver启用TLS认证后,Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信,必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以,当Node节点很多时,这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作,同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程,Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书,kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书,kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式,目前主要用于kubelet,kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。
TLS bootstraping 工作流程:
创建上述配置文件中token文件:
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
格式:token,用户名,UID,用户组
token也可自行生成替换:
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
4.2.3、systemd管理apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4.2.4、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
4.3、部署kube-controller-manager
4.3.1、创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
- --kubeconfig:连接apiserver配置文件
- --leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
- --cluster-signing-cert-file/--cluster-signing-key-file:自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA,与apiserver保持一致
4.3.2、生成kubeconfig文件
生成kube-controller-manager证书:
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
生成kubeconfig文件(以下是shell命令,直接在终端执行):
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.100.31:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-controller-manager \
--client-certificate=./kube-controller-manager.pem \
--client-key=./kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-controller-manager \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
4.3.3、systemd管理controller-manager
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4.3.4、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
4.4、部署kube-scheduler
4.4.1、创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
- --kubeconfig:连接apiserver配置文件
- --leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
4.4.2、生成kubeconfig文件
生成kube-scheduler证书:
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
生成kubeconfig文件(以下是shell命令,直接在终端执行):
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.100.31:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-scheduler \
--client-certificate=./kube-scheduler.pem \
--client-key=./kube-scheduler-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-scheduler \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
4.4.3、systemd管理scheduler
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4.4.4、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
4.4.5、查看集群状态
生成kubectl连接集群的证书:
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
生成kubeconfig文件:
mkdir /root/.kube
KUBE_CONFIG="/root/.kube/config"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.100.31:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
--client-certificate=./admin.pem \
--client-key=./admin-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=cluster-admin \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态:
kubectl get cs
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
如上输出说明Master节点组件运行正常。
4.4.6、授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
五、部署Worker Node
下面还是在Master Node上操作,即同时作为Worker Node
5.1、创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件
在所有worker node创建工作目录:
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
从master节点拷贝:
cd ~/k8s1.20二进制包/kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin # 本地拷贝
5.2、部署kubelet
5.2.1、创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master1 \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
- --hostname-override:显示名称,集群中唯一
- --network-plugin:启用CNI
- --kubeconfig:空路径,会自动生成,后面用于连接apiserver
- --bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次启动向apiserver申请证书
- --config:配置参数文件
- --cert-dir:kubelet证书生成目录
- --pod-infra-container-image:管理Pod网络容器的镜像
5.2.2、配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
5.2.3、生成kubelet初次加入集群引导kubeconfig文件
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.100.31:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 与token.csv里保持一致
# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
5.2.4、 systemd管理kubelet
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5.2.5、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
5.3、批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群
# 查看kubelet证书请求
kubectl get csr
# 批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-90owPFh_jzfvsORKhMainlK2LX00cskbCCRjVJDimek
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-90owPFh_jzfvsORKhMainlK2LX00cskbCCRjVJDimek approved
# 查看节点
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 NotReady <none> 20s v1.20.15
注:由于网络插件还没有部署,节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady
5.4、 部署kube-proxy
5.4.1、创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF
5.4.2、配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master1
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF
5.4.3、生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
生成kube-proxy证书:
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
#生成kubeconfig文件:
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.100.31:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
5.4.4、systemd管理kube-proxy
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5.4.5、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
5.5、部署网络组件
Calico是一个纯三层的数据中心网络方案,是目前Kubernetes主流的网络方案。
部署Calico:
cd ~/k8s1.20二进制包/
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
等Calico Pod都Running,节点也会准备就绪:
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 Ready <none> 8m16s v1.20.15
5.6、授权apiserver访问kubelet
应用场景:例如kubectl logs
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
5.7、新增加Worker Node
5.7.1、拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到新节点
在Master节点将Worker Node涉及文件拷贝到新节点192.168.100.33/34
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.100.33:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.100.33:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@192.168.100.33:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.100.34:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.100.34:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@192.168.100.34:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
5.7.2、删除node1和node2上的kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
注:这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的,每个Node不同,必须删除
5.7.3、修改主机名
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
5.7.4、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet kube-proxy
5.7.5、在Master上批准新Node kubelet证书申请
# 查看证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-90owPFh_jzfvsORKhMainlK2LX00cskbCCRjVJDimek 14m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
node-csr-QywBMN5SRo4Z_uEfhg7iGGi7WmQYwRRk2QONotvVD40 22s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
node-csr-SMVpcDibRFKaqN-YOdXsy4poLTAhddMt2GjMwp-Ovrc 27s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
# 授权请求
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-QywBMN5SRo4Z_uEfhg7iGGi7WmQYwRRk2QONotvVD40
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-SMVpcDibRFKaqN-YOdXsy4poLTAhddMt2GjMwp-Ovrc
5.7.6、查看Node状态
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 Ready <none> 15m v1.20.15
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 73s v1.20.15
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 82s v1.20.15
Node2(192.168.100.34 )节点同上。记得修改主机名!
六、部署Dashboard和CoreDNS
6.1、部署Dashboard
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
# 查看部署
kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-7445d59dfd-flbwm 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 9s
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-5ddcdf9c99-rrfh8 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 9s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.0.0.129 <none> 8000/TCP 4m2s
service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.0.0.144 <none> 443:30001/TCP 4m2s
访问地址:https://NodeIP:30001
创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色:
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
使用输出的token登录Dashboard
6.2、部署CoreDNS
CoreDNS用于集群内部Service名称解析。
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
serviceaccount/coredns created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
configmap/coredns created
deployment.apps/coredns created
service/kube-dns created
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-577f77cb5c-s26rc 1/1 Running 0 22m
calico-node-6vrjv 1/1 Running 0 12m
calico-node-npr8n 1/1 Running 0 13m
calico-node-wj4jw 1/1 Running 0 22m
coredns-6cc56c94bd-cwktc 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 7s
DNS解析测试:
kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ # nslookup kubernetes
Server: 10.0.0.2
Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: kubernetes
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
解析没问题。
至此一个单Master集群就搭建完成了!这个环境就足以满足学习实验了,如果你的服务器配置较高,可继续扩容多Master集群!
七、扩容多Master(高可用架构)
Kubernetes作为容器集群系统,通过健康检查+重启策略实现了Pod故障自我修复能力,通过调度算法实现将Pod分布式部署,并保持预期副本数,根据Node失效状态自动在其他Node拉起Pod,实现了应用层的高可用性。
针对Kubernetes集群,高可用性还应包含以下两个层面的考虑:Etcd数据库的高可用性和Kubernetes Master组件的高可用性。 而Etcd我们已经采用3个节点组建集群实现高可用,本节将对Master节点高可用进行说明和实施。
Master节点扮演着总控中心的角色,通过不断与工作节点上的Kubelet和kube-proxy进行通信来维护整个集群的健康工作状态。如果Master节点故障,将无法使用kubectl工具或者API做任何集群管理。
Master节点主要有三个服务kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler,其中kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler组件自身通过选择机制已经实现了高可用,所以Master高可用主要针对kube-apiserver组件,而该组件是以HTTP API提供服务,因此对他高可用与Web服务器类似,增加负载均衡器对其负载均衡即可,并且可水平扩容。
7.1、部署Master2 Node
现在需要再增加一台新服务器,作为Master2 Node,IP是192.168.100.32。
为了节省资源你也可以将之前部署好的Worker Node1复用为Master2 Node角色(即部署Master组件)
Master2 与已部署的Master1所有操作一致。所以我们只需将Master1所有K8s文件拷贝过来,再修改下服务器IP和主机名启动即可。
7.1.1、安装Docker
scp /usr/bin/docker* root@192.168.100.32:/usr/bin
scp /usr/bin/runc root@192.168.100.32:/usr/bin
scp /usr/bin/containerd* root@192.168.100.32:/usr/bin
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service root@192.168.100.32:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /etc/docker root@192.168.100.32:/etc
# 在Master2启动Docker
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
7.1.2、创建etcd证书目录
在Master2创建etcd证书目录:
mkdir -p /opt/etcd/ssl
7.1.3、拷贝文件(Master1操作)
拷贝Master1上所有K8s文件和etcd证书到Master2:
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.100.32:/opt
scp -r /opt/etcd/ssl root@192.168.100.32:/opt/etcd
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube* root@192.168.100.32:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /usr/bin/kubectl root@192.168.100.32:/usr/bin
scp -r ~/.kube root@192.168.100.32:~
7.1.4、删除证书文件
删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件:
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
7.1.5、 修改配置文件IP和主机名
修改apiserver、kubelet和kube-proxy配置文件为本地IP:
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
...
--bind-address=192.168.100.32 \
--advertise-address=192.168.100.32 \
...
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-master2
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-master2
7.1.6、启动设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy
7.1.7、查看集群状态
# 修改连接master为本机IP
vim ~/.kube/config
...
server: https://192.168.100.32:6443
kubectl get cs
7.1.8、批准kubelet证书申请
# 查看证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-JYNknakEa_YpHz797oKaN-ZTk43nD51Zc9CJkBLcASU 85m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
# 授权请求
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-JYNknakEa_YpHz797oKaN-ZTk43nD51Zc9CJkBLcASU
# 查看Node
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 Ready <none> 34h v1.20.4
k8s-master2 Ready <none> 2m v1.20.4
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 33h v1.20.4
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 33h v1.20.4
7.2、部署Nginx+Keepalived高可用负载均衡器
参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/Mr-Ding/p/17773745.html