1.Tkinter作为Python GUI开发工具之一。它具有GUI软件包的必备的常用功能。比如,它提供了十多种不同类型的窗口控件、窗口布局管理器、事件处理机制等。
2.创建窗口
# 创建主窗口 window = tk.Tk() window.title("计算器") # 创建显示框 entry = tk.Entry(window, width=35, borderwidth=5) entry.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, padx=10, pady=10)
3.创建按钮
# 创建按钮 button_1 = tk.Button(window, text="1", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(1)) button_2 = tk.Button(window, text="2", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(2)) button_3 = tk.Button(window, text="3", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(3)) button_4 = tk.Button(window, text="4", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(4)) button_5 = tk.Button(window, text="5", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(5)) button_6 = tk.Button(window, text="6", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(6)) button_7 = tk.Button(window, text="7", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(7)) button_8 = tk.Button(window, text="8", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(8)) button_9 = tk.Button(window, text="9", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(9)) button_0 = tk.Button(window, text="0", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(0)) button_dian = tk.Button(window, text=".", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click('.')) button_add = tk.Button(window, text="+", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("+")) button_subtract = tk.Button(window, text="-", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("-")) button_multiply = tk.Button(window, text="*", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("*")) button_divide = tk.Button(window, text="/", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("/")) button_equals = tk.Button(window, text="=", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_equals) button_clear = tk.Button(window, text="Clear", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_clear) button_square_root = tk.Button(window, text="√", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_square_root)
4.设置按钮位置
# 将按钮放置在窗口上 button_7.grid(row=1, column=0) button_8.grid(row=1, column=1) button_9.grid(row=1, column=2) button_add.grid(row=1, column=3) button_4.grid(row=2, column=0) button_5.grid(row=2, column=1) button_6.grid(row=2, column=2) button_subtract.grid(row=2, column=3) button_1.grid(row=3, column=0) button_2.grid(row=3, column=1) button_3.grid(row=3, column=2) button_multiply.grid(row=3, column=3) button_dian.grid(row=4,column=0) button_0.grid(row=4, column=1) button_divide.grid(row=4, column=2) button_square_root.grid(row=4, column=3, columnspan=3) button_equals.grid(row=5, column=2, columnspan=2) button_clear.grid(row=5, column=0, columnspan=2)
5.定义函数
def button_click(number): current = entry.get() entry.delete(0, tk.END) entry.insert(tk.END, str(current) + str(number)) def button_clear(): entry.delete(0, tk.END) def button_equals(): try: result = eval(entry.get()) entry.delete(0, tk.END) entry.insert(tk.END, str(result)) except: entry.delete(0, tk.END) entry.insert(tk.END, "Error") def button_square_root(): try: result = sqrt(eval(entry.get())) entry.delete(0, tk.END) entry.insert(tk.END, str(result)) except: entry.delete(0, tk.END) entry.insert(tk.END, "Error")
6.程序流程图
7.全部代码
import tkinter as tk from math import sqrt def button_click(number): current = entry.get() entry.delete(0, tk.END) entry.insert(tk.END, str(current) + str(number)) def button_clear(): entry.delete(0, tk.END) def button_equals(): try: result = eval(entry.get()) entry.delete(0, tk.END) entry.insert(tk.END, str(result)) except: entry.delete(0, tk.END) entry.insert(tk.END, "Error") def button_square_root(): try: result = sqrt(eval(entry.get())) entry.delete(0, tk.END) entry.insert(tk.END, str(result)) except: entry.delete(0, tk.END) entry.insert(tk.END, "Error") # 创建主窗口 window = tk.Tk() window.title("计算器") # 创建显示框 entry = tk.Entry(window, width=35, borderwidth=5) entry.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, padx=10, pady=10) # 创建按钮 button_1 = tk.Button(window, text="1", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(1)) button_2 = tk.Button(window, text="2", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(2)) button_3 = tk.Button(window, text="3", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(3)) button_4 = tk.Button(window, text="4", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(4)) button_5 = tk.Button(window, text="5", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(5)) button_6 = tk.Button(window, text="6", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(6)) button_7 = tk.Button(window, text="7", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(7)) button_8 = tk.Button(window, text="8", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(8)) button_9 = tk.Button(window, text="9", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(9)) button_0 = tk.Button(window, text="0", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(0)) button_dian = tk.Button(window, text=".", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click('.')) button_add = tk.Button(window, text="+", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("+")) button_subtract = tk.Button(window, text="-", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("-")) button_multiply = tk.Button(window, text="*", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("*")) button_divide = tk.Button(window, text="/", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click("/")) button_equals = tk.Button(window, text="=", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_equals) button_clear = tk.Button(window, text="Clear", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_clear) button_square_root = tk.Button(window, text="√", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_square_root) # 将按钮放置在窗口上 button_7.grid(row=1, column=0) button_8.grid(row=1, column=1) button_9.grid(row=1, column=2) button_add.grid(row=1, column=3) button_4.grid(row=2, column=0) button_5.grid(row=2, column=1) button_6.grid(row=2, column=2) button_subtract.grid(row=2, column=3) button_1.grid(row=3, column=0) button_2.grid(row=3, column=1) button_3.grid(row=3, column=2) button_multiply.grid(row=3, column=3) button_dian.grid(row=4,column=0) button_0.grid(row=4, column=1) button_divide.grid(row=4, column=2) button_square_root.grid(row=4, column=3, columnspan=3) button_equals.grid(row=5, column=2, columnspan=2) button_clear.grid(row=5, column=0, columnspan=2) # 运行主窗口 window.mainloop()
运行及调试