Android系统启动-SystemServer上篇-1

/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/
  - ZygoteInit.java
  - RuntimeInit.java
  - Zygote.java

/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/
  - SystemServer.java

/frameworks/base/core/jni/
  - com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp
  - AndroidRuntime.cpp

/frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/
  - app_main.cpp

private static boolean startSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName) throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException {
    ...
    //参数准备
    String args[] = {
        "--setuid=1000",
        "--setgid=1000",
        "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1032,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007",
        "--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities,
        "--nice-name=system_server",
        "--runtime-args",
        "com.android.server.SystemServer",
    };

    ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;
    int pid;
    try {
        //用于解析参数，生成目标格式
        parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args);
        ZygoteConnection.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
        ZygoteConnection.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);

        // fork子进程，该进程是system_server进程【见小节2】
        pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
                parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
                parsedArgs.gids,
                parsedArgs.debugFlags,
                null,
                parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
                parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
        throw new RuntimeException(ex);
    }

    //进入子进程system_server
    if (pid == 0) {
        if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
            waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
        }
        // 完成system_server进程剩余的工作 【见小节5】
        handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
    }
    return true;
}

public static int forkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int debugFlags, int[][] rlimits, long permittedCapabilities, long effectiveCapabilities) {
    VM_HOOKS.preFork();
    // 调用native方法fork system_server进程【见小节3】
    int pid = nativeForkSystemServer(uid, gid, gids, debugFlags, rlimits, permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities);
    if (pid == 0) {
        Trace.setTracingEnabled(true);
    }
    VM_HOOKS.postForkCommon();
    return pid;
}

static jint com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkSystemServer(
        JNIEnv* env, jclass, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, jintArray gids,
        jint debug_flags, jobjectArray rlimits, jlong permittedCapabilities,
        jlong effectiveCapabilities) {
  //fork子进程，见【见小节4】
  pid_t pid = ForkAndSpecializeCommon(env, uid, gid, gids,
                                      debug_flags, rlimits,
                                      permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities,
                                      MOUNT_EXTERNAL_DEFAULT, NULL, NULL, true, NULL,
                                      NULL, NULL);
  if (pid > 0) {
      //zygote进程，检测system_server进程是否创建
      gSystemServerPid = pid;
      int status;
      if (waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG) == pid) {
          //当system_server进程死亡后，重启zygote进程
          RuntimeAbort(env);
      }
  }
  return pid;
}

static pid_t ForkAndSpecializeCommon(JNIEnv* env, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, jintArray javaGids, jint debug_flags, jobjectArray javaRlimits, jlong permittedCapabilities, jlong effectiveCapabilities, jint mount_external, jstring java_se_info, jstring java_se_name, bool is_system_server, jintArray fdsToClose, jstring instructionSet, jstring dataDir) {
  SetSigChldHandler(); //设置子进程的signal信号处理函数
  pid_t pid = fork(); //fork子进程
  if (pid == 0) {
    //进入子进程
    DetachDescriptors(env, fdsToClose); //关闭并清除文件描述符

    if (!is_system_server) {
        //对于非system_server子进程，则创建进程组
        int rc = createProcessGroup(uid, getpid());
    }
    SetGids(env, javaGids); //设置设置group
    SetRLimits(env, javaRlimits); //设置资源limit

    int rc = setresgid(gid, gid, gid);
    rc = setresuid(uid, uid, uid);

    SetCapabilities(env, permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities);
    SetSchedulerPolicy(env); //设置调度策略，也会设置cpuset策略

     //selinux上下文
    rc = selinux_android_setcontext(uid, is_system_server, se_info_c_str, se_name_c_str);

    if (se_info_c_str == NULL && is_system_server) {
      se_name_c_str = "system_server";
    }
    if (se_info_c_str != NULL) {
      SetThreadName(se_name_c_str); //设置线程名为system_server，方便调试
    }
    UnsetSigChldHandler(); //设置子进程的signal信号处理函数为默认函数
    //等价于调用zygote.callPostForkChildHooks()
    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(gZygoteClass, gCallPostForkChildHooks, debug_flags, is_system_server ? NULL : instructionSet);
    ...

  } else if (pid > 0) {
    //进入父进程，即zygote进程
  }
  return pid;
}

private static void handleSystemServerProcess( ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs) throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {

    closeServerSocket(); //关闭父进程zygote复制而来的Socket

    Os.umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);

    if (parsedArgs.niceName != null) {
        Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.niceName); //设置当前进程名为"system_server"
    }

    final String systemServerClasspath = Os.getenv("SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH");
    if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
        //执行dex优化操作【见小节6】
        performSystemServerDexOpt(systemServerClasspath);
    }

    if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
        String[] args = parsedArgs.remainingArgs;

        if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
            String[] amendedArgs = new String[args.length + 2];
            amendedArgs[0] = "-cp";
            amendedArgs[1] = systemServerClasspath;
            System.arraycopy(parsedArgs.remainingArgs, 0, amendedArgs, 2, parsedArgs.remainingArgs.length);
        }
        //启动应用进程
        WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.invokeWith,
                parsedArgs.niceName, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, VMRuntime.getCurrentInstructionSet(), null, args);
    } else {
        ClassLoader cl = null;
        if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
            // 创建类加载器，并赋予当前线程
            cl = new PathClassLoader(systemServerClasspath, ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
            Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
        }

        //system_server故进入此分支【见小节7】
        RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);
    }

    /* should never reach here */
}

private static void performSystemServerDexOpt(String classPath) {
    final String[] classPathElements = classPath.split(":");
    //创建一个与installd的建立socket连接
    final InstallerConnection installer = new InstallerConnection();
    //执行ping操作，直到与installd服务端连通为止
    installer.waitForConnection();
    final String instructionSet = VMRuntime.getRuntime().vmInstructionSet();

    try {
        for (String classPathElement : classPathElements) {
            final int dexoptNeeded = DexFile.getDexOptNeeded(classPathElement, "*", instructionSet, false /* defer */);
            if (dexoptNeeded != DexFile.NO_DEXOPT_NEEDED) {
                //以system权限，执行dex文件优化
                installer.dexopt(classPathElement, Process.SYSTEM_UID, false, instructionSet, dexoptNeeded);
            }
        }
    } catch (IOException ioe) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Error starting system_server", ioe);
    } finally {
        installer.disconnect(); //断开与installd的socket连接
    }
}

public static final void zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "RuntimeInit");
    redirectLogStreams(); //重定向log输出

    commonInit(); // 通用的一些初始化【见小节8】
    nativeZygoteInit(); // zygote初始化 【见小节9】
    applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader); // 应用初始化【见小节10】
}

private static final void commonInit() {
    //设置默认的未捕捉异常处理方法
    Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(new UncaughtHandler());

    //设置市区，中国时区为"Asia/Shanghai"
    TimezoneGetter.setInstance(new TimezoneGetter() {
        @Override
        public String getId() {
            return SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.timezone");
        }
    });
    TimeZone.setDefault(null);

    //重置log配置
    LogManager.getLogManager().reset();
    new AndroidConfig();

    //设置默认的HTTP User-agent格式，用于HttpURLConnection。
    String userAgent = getDefaultUserAgent();
    System.setProperty("http.agent", userAgent);

    //设置socket的tag，用于网络流量统计
    NetworkManagementSocketTagger.install();
}

static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz) {
    //此处的gCurRuntime为AppRuntime，是在AndroidRuntime.cpp中定义的
    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}

virtual void onZygoteInit() {
    sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
    proc->startThreadPool(); //启动新binder线程
}

private static void applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
    //true代表应用程序退出时不调用AppRuntime.onExit()，否则会在退出前调用
    nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(true);

    //设置虚拟机的内存利用率参数值为0.75
    VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.75f);
    VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetSdkVersion(targetSdkVersion);

    final Arguments args;
    try {
        args = new Arguments(argv); //解析参数
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
        return;
    }

    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);

    //调用startClass的static方法 main() 【见小节11】
    invokeStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
}

private static void invokeStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
    Class<?> cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
    ...

    Method m;
    try {
        m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
    } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
        ...
    } catch (SecurityException ex) {
        ...
    }

    int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
    if (!(Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))) {
        ...
    }

    //通过抛出异常，回到ZygoteInit.main()。这样做好处是能清空栈帧，提高栈帧利用率。【见小节12】
    throw new ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
}

public static void main(String argv[]) {
    try {
        startSystemServer(abiList, socketName); //启动system_server
        ....
    } catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
        caller.run(); //【见小节13】
    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
        closeServerSocket();
        throw ex;
    }
}

public static class MethodAndArgsCaller extends Exception implements Runnable {

    public void run() {
        try {
            //根据传递过来的参数，可知此处通过反射机制调用的是 SystemServer.main() 方法
            mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });
        } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
            Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
            if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
                throw (RuntimeException) cause;
            } else if (cause instanceof Error) {
                throw (Error) cause;
            }
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        }
    }
}