reference https://docs.docker.com/get-started/overview/
Images
An image is a read-only template with instructions for creating a Docker container. // image是一个只读模板，包含创建 Docker container 的说明。
无论是Java程序还是C++或其他程序，都可以按照Dockerfile规范统一打包成Image，然后由Docker创建container运行。
Containers
A container is a runnable instance of an image. You can create, start, stop, move, or delete a container using the Docker API or CLI.
Images
As you see，we need pull image to our Docker Host(Docker宿主机，即你使用的computer)from Docker Hub, then use command create a container by client.
docker pull nginx
docker images // you can see nginx's image
You can also create an image by Dockerfile, like this
upload your-app.jar to current folder
vim Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:17-jdk
# 设置容器的工作目录
WORKDIR /app
# 复制 JAR 文件到容器中
COPY you-app.jar .
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["java", "-jar", "you-app.jar"]Save & Exit
docker build -t you-app . // then Docker will create an image by your-app & Dockerfile of the current folder
docker images // you can see you-app's image
Containers
运行容器：docker run (-it) --name alias name -p hostPrt:containerPort # -it 以交互模式启动容器并返回终端
列出所有的容器：docker ps -a
退出容器：exist (退出并shutdown容器) 、ctrl + p + q (退出，但不shutdown)
重启容器：docker restart image_id/name
停止容器：docker stop image_id/name
注销容器：docker kill image_id/name
删除已停止容器：docker rm image_id
守护线程启动容器：docker run -d name # Docker容器后台运行，不阻塞控制台的继续使用