1. 常用命令
# 1. 查看有几个启动的虚拟机
[root@stream9 ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
--------------------
# 2. 查看所有虚拟机
[root@stream9 ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
--------------------
# 3. 查看模板虚拟机的类型格式
cd /var/lib/libvirt/images # 记住次目录
[root@stream9 images]# ls
stream9.qcow2
[root@stream9 images]# qemu-img info stream9.qcow2
image: stream9.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 20 GiB (21474836480 bytes)
disk size: 3.13 GiB
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
compression type: zlib
lazy refcounts: false
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
extended l2: false
Child node '/file':
filename: stream9.qcow2
protocol type: file
file length: 3.13 GiB (3360358400 bytes)
disk size: 3.13 GiB
# 4. 根据镜像模板，克隆一个新的镜像
[root@stream9 images]# ls
stream9.qcow2
[root@stream9 images]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -F qcow2 -b stream9.qcow2 vm1.img 20G
Formatting 'vm1.img', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off compression_type=zlib size=21474836480 backing_file=stream9.qcow2 backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
[root@stream9 images]#
[root@stream9 images]# ls
stream9.qcow2 vm1.img
# 5. 创建一个描述文件
cd /etc/libvirt/qemu
<domain type='kvm'>
<name>vm1</name>
<memory unit='KiB'>2097152</memory>
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>2097152</currentMemory>
<vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='pc'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
</features>
<cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'>
<model fallback='allow'>SandyBridge-IBRS</model>
<feature policy='require' name='md-clear'/>
<feature policy='require' name='spec-ctrl'/>
<feature policy='require' name='ssbd'/>
</cpu>
<clock offset='utc'>
<timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
<timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
<timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
</clock>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<pm>
<suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
<suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
</pm>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
<source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1.img'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
</disk>
<interface type='bridge'>
<source bridge='vbr1'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
</interface>
<console type='pty'>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
</console>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='vnc' port='5800' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us'>
<listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
</graphics>
</devices>
</domain>
# 6. 创建虚拟机
cd /etc/libvirt/qemu
[root@stream9 qemu]# ls
autostart networks stream9.xml vm1.xml
[root@stream9 qemu]#
[root@stream9 qemu]# pwd
/etc/libvirt/qemu
[root@stream9 qemu]#
[root@stream9 qemu]# ls /var/lib/libvirt/images/
stream9.qcow2 vm1.img
[root@stream9 qemu]#
[root@stream9 qemu]#
[root@stream9 qemu]# virsh define vm1.xml
Domain 'vm1' defined from vm1.xml
[root@stream9 qemu]#
[root@stream9 qemu]# virsh start vm1
Domain 'vm1' started
[root@stream9 qemu]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------
1 vm1 running
# 7. 登录虚拟机
[root@stream9 qemu]# arp -a
? (10.1.1.254) at 00:50:56:ed:13:70 [ether] on eth0
? (10.10.11.197) at 52:54:00:e9:4f:7f [ether] on vbr1
? (10.1.1.1) at 00:50:56:c0:00:08 [ether] on eth0
? (10.1.1.2) at 00:50:56:ef:3e:18 [ether] on eth0
[root@stream9 qemu]#
[root@stream9 qemu]#
[root@stream9 qemu]# ssh root@10.10.11.197
Warning: Permanently added '10.10.11.197' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
root@10.10.11.197s password:
Last login: Wed Oct 11 00:31:01 2023 from 10.10.11.1
[root@stream9 ~]#
[root@stream9 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
vda 253:0 0 20G 0 disk
└─vda1 253:1 0 20G 0 part /
[root@stream9 ~]#
[root@stream9 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /dev
tmpfs 889M 0 889M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 356M 432K 356M 1% /run
/dev/vda1 20G 2.8G 18G 14% /
tmpfs 178M 4.0K 178M 1% /run/user/0
[root@stream9 ~]#
[root@stream9 ~]# exit
logout
Connection to 10.10.11.197 closed.
# 8. 删除虚拟机/释放虚拟机
[root@stream9 ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------
1 vm1 running
2 vm2 running
[root@stream9 ~]#
[root@stream9 ~]# virsh destroy vm2
Domain 'vm2' destroyed
[root@stream9 ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
-----------------------
1 vm1 running
- vm2 shut off
[root@stream9 ~]#
[root@stream9 ~]# virsh undefine vm2
Domain 'vm2' has been undefined
[root@stream9 ~]#
[root@stream9 ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------
1 vm1 running
# 9. 查看已经运行的虚拟机相信信息
virsh dumpxml vm1
# 10. 设置虚拟机名字 需要退出 exit 重新登录才能生效
hostnamectl set-hostname vm1
# 11. 删除虚拟网桥
[root@kvm ~]# virsh net-list
Name State Autostart Persistent
-----------------------------------------
vbr1 active yes yes
vbr2 active yes yes
vbr3 active yes yes
[root@kvm ~]#
[root@kvm ~]# virsh net-destroy vbr2
Network vbr2 destroyed
[root@kvm ~]# virsh net-destroy vbr3
Network vbr3 destroyed
[root@kvm ~]# virsh net-undefine vbr2
Network vbr2 has been undefined
[root@kvm ~]# virsh net-undefine vbr3
Network vbr3 has been undefined
[root@kvm ~]#
[root@kvm ~]# virsh net-list
Name State Autostart Persistent
-----------------------------------------
vbr1 active yes yes
# 12. vbr1 如果没有启动，需要手动启动
2.简易俄罗斯方块
# 简易俄罗斯方块
for i in {10..50}; do
sleep 1
clear
echo -e "\e[46m\e[${i};5H \e[0m"
done