stm32f10x启动文件详解

Stack_Size      EQU     0x00000400

                AREA    STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
Stack_Mem       SPACE   Stack_Size
__initial_sp

EQU:宏定义的伪指令，相当于c语言中的#define
AREA:告诉汇编器汇编一个新的代码段或者数据段;
语法格式: AREA sectionname{,attr}{,attr}...
注意:如果sectionname不是以字母字符开头，需要将名称以竖线框住，例如|.text|
attr:
1.NOINIT:指数据段未初始化或初始化为0
2. REANWITE:读写属性
3.ALIGN=expression:地址对齐，默认情况下，ELF部分在四字节边界上对齐。expression 可以具有 0 到 31 之间的任何整数值。该部分在 2^expression-byte 边界上对齐。例如，如果 expression 为 3，则该部分在8字节边界上对齐。
SPACE:用于分配一定大小的内存空间，单位字节;
语法格式:{label} SPACE expr
label:可选
expr:字节大小
__initial_sp：紧挨着SPACE语句放置，表示栈的结束地址，即栈顶地址，栈是由高向低生长的。

Heap_Size       EQU     0x00000200

                AREA    HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
__heap_base
Heap_Mem        SPACE   Heap_Size
__heap_limit

__heap_base：表示堆的起始地址，
__heap_limit：表示堆的结束地址，其中，堆是由低向高生长

                PRESERVE8
                THUMB

PRESERVE8：指定当前文件需要或保留堆栈的8字节对齐方式
语法格式：REQUIRE8 {bool}
其中，bool可选，取值TRUE或FALSE
THUMB：表示后面指令兼容thumb指令

              AREA    RESET, DATA, READONLY
               EXPORT  __Vectors
               EXPORT  __Vectors_End
               EXPORT  __Vectors_Size

__Vectors       DCD     __initial_sp               ; Top of Stack
               DCD     Reset_Handler              ; Reset Handler
               DCD     NMI_Handler                ; NMI Handler
               DCD     HardFault_Handler          ; Hard Fault Handler
               DCD     MemManage_Handler          ; MPU Fault Handler
               DCD     BusFault_Handler           ; Bus Fault Handler
               DCD     UsageFault_Handler         ; Usage Fault Handler
               DCD     0                          ; Reserved
               DCD     0                          ; Reserved
               DCD     0                          ; Reserved
               DCD     0                          ; Reserved
               DCD     SVC_Handler                ; SVCall Handler
               DCD     DebugMon_Handler           ; Debug Monitor Handler
               DCD     0                          ; Reserved
               DCD     PendSV_Handler             ; PendSV Handler
               DCD     SysTick_Handler            ; SysTick Handler

               ; External Interrupts
               DCD     WWDG_IRQHandler            ; Window Watchdog
               DCD     PVD_IRQHandler             ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
               DCD     TAMPER_IRQHandler          ; Tamper
               DCD     RTC_IRQHandler             ; RTC
               DCD     FLASH_IRQHandler           ; Flash
               DCD     RCC_IRQHandler             ; RCC
               DCD     EXTI0_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 0
               DCD     EXTI1_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 1
               DCD     EXTI2_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 2
               DCD     EXTI3_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 3
               DCD     EXTI4_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 4
               DCD     DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 1
               DCD     DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 2
               DCD     DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 3
               DCD     DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 4
               DCD     DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 5
               DCD     DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 6
               DCD     DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 7
               DCD     ADC1_2_IRQHandler          ; ADC1_2
               DCD     USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler  ; USB High Priority or CAN1 TX
               DCD     USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; USB Low  Priority or CAN1 RX0
               DCD     CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler        ; CAN1 RX1
               DCD     CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler        ; CAN1 SCE
               DCD     EXTI9_5_IRQHandler         ; EXTI Line 9..5
               DCD     TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler        ; TIM1 Break
               DCD     TIM1_UP_IRQHandler         ; TIM1 Update
               DCD     TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler    ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation
               DCD     TIM1_CC_IRQHandler         ; TIM1 Capture Compare
               DCD     TIM2_IRQHandler            ; TIM2
               DCD     TIM3_IRQHandler            ; TIM3
               DCD     TIM4_IRQHandler            ; TIM4
               DCD     I2C1_EV_IRQHandler         ; I2C1 Event
               DCD     I2C1_ER_IRQHandler         ; I2C1 Error
               DCD     I2C2_EV_IRQHandler         ; I2C2 Event
               DCD     I2C2_ER_IRQHandler         ; I2C2 Error
               DCD     SPI1_IRQHandler            ; SPI1
               DCD     SPI2_IRQHandler            ; SPI2
               DCD     USART1_IRQHandler          ; USART1
               DCD     USART2_IRQHandler          ; USART2
               DCD     USART3_IRQHandler          ; USART3
               DCD     EXTI15_10_IRQHandler       ; EXTI Line 15..10
               DCD     RTCAlarm_IRQHandler        ; RTC Alarm through EXTI Line
               DCD     USBWakeUp_IRQHandler       ; USB Wakeup from suspend
__Vectors_End

EXPORT：声明一个标号具有全局属性，可以被外部文件调用
DCD:以字为单位分配内存，要求4字节对齐，并且初始化这些内存

__Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End - __Vectors

AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY
AREA 定义一块代码段，只读，段名字是 .text 。READONLY 表示只读

Reset_Handler    PROC
                 EXPORT  Reset_Handler             [WEAK]
     IMPORT  __main
     IMPORT  SystemInit
                 LDR     R0, =SystemInit
                 BLX     R0
                 LDR     R0, =__main
                 BX      R0
                 ENDP

PROC：标记函数的开始或称子程序开始
语法格式：label FUNCTION [{reglist1} [, {reglist2}]]
ENDP：函数结束或称子程序结束
WEAK：表示弱定义，如果外部定义则使用外部函数，否则使用此处函数
IMPORT：指示该标号来自外部文件，与C语言中的extern关键字类似
LDR：加载指令，LDR Rd,=const 伪指令
BLX：带链接的切换指令
BX：不带链接的跳转指令

NMI_Handler     PROC
                EXPORT  NMI_Handler                [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  HardFault_Handler          [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
MemManage_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  MemManage_Handler          [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
BusFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  BusFault_Handler           [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
UsageFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  UsageFault_Handler         [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
SVC_Handler     PROC
                EXPORT  SVC_Handler                [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
DebugMon_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  DebugMon_Handler           [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
PendSV_Handler  PROC
                EXPORT  PendSV_Handler             [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
                EXPORT  SysTick_Handler            [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP

Default_Handler PROC

                EXPORT  WWDG_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  PVD_IRQHandler             [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TAMPER_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  RTC_IRQHandler             [WEAK]
                EXPORT  FLASH_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  RCC_IRQHandler             [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI0_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI1_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI2_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI3_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI4_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  ADC1_2_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler  [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT  CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI9_5_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM1_UP_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler    [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM1_CC_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM2_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM3_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM4_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  I2C1_EV_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  I2C1_ER_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  I2C2_EV_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  I2C2_ER_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  SPI1_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  SPI2_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USART1_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USART2_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USART3_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI15_10_IRQHandler       [WEAK]
                EXPORT  RTCAlarm_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USBWakeUp_IRQHandler       [WEAK]

WWDG_IRQHandler
PVD_IRQHandler
TAMPER_IRQHandler
RTC_IRQHandler
FLASH_IRQHandler
RCC_IRQHandler
EXTI0_IRQHandler
EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_IRQHandler
EXTI3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
ADC1_2_IRQHandler
USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
TIM2_IRQHandler
TIM3_IRQHandler
TIM4_IRQHandler
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
SPI1_IRQHandler
SPI2_IRQHandler
USART1_IRQHandler
USART2_IRQHandler
USART3_IRQHandler
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
USBWakeUp_IRQHandler

                B       .

                ENDP

                ALIGN

B：跳转指令，"."：代表当前地址 "B ."：代表死循环
ALIGN：通过使用零或 NOP 指令填充来将当前位置与指定边界对齐。
语法格式：ALIGN {expr{,offset{,pad{,padsize}}}}
如果未指定 expr，则 ALIGN 将当前位置设置为下一个字（四字节）边界

                 IF      :DEF:__MICROLIB           
                
                 EXPORT  __initial_sp
                 EXPORT  __heap_base
                 EXPORT  __heap_limit
                
                 ELSE
                
                 IMPORT  __use_two_region_memory
                 EXPORT  __user_initial_stackheap
                 
__user_initial_stackheap

                 LDR     R0, =  Heap_Mem
                 LDR     R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
                 LDR     R2, = (Heap_Mem +  Heap_Size)
                 LDR     R3, = Stack_Mem
                 BX      LR

                 ALIGN

                 ENDIF

                 END

IF ELSE ENDIF相当于C语言中的#if #else #endif

如果DEF:__MICROLIB成立就把__heap_limit、__heap_base、__initial_sp声明为全局文件
如果没定义会执行__user_initial_stackheap PROC这段代码来初始化

总结：启动文件的作用

1. 初始化堆栈指针SP
2. 初始化PC指针，指向复位程序
3. 初始化中断向量表
4. 配置系统时钟
5. 调用C库函数__main，负责设置内存
   （1）负责代码和数据的复制和解压缩
   （2）负责ZI数据段的零初始化
6. 调用__rt_entry，负责设置运行环境(在c库函数中)
   （1）设置应用程序堆栈
   （2）初始化相应的库函数和静态数据
   （3）如果是C++，则还进行构造函数的调用
7. 调用main函数开始执行用户编写代码

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