The landfill method is currently the main disposal method for urban household waste, but there are still some drawbacks. Urban household waste usually requires a large landfill site.The establishment of landfill sites has led to increasingly tense human land relations, but at the same time, it is prone to secondary pollution problems. The leachate generated by landfill waste can cause pollution of water resources and soil. Due to the degradation of internal organic matter, the land used for landfilling garbage produces uneven settlement, which makes it unable to be used as building land for houses for a long time, and also wastes land resources as farmland. The generated exhaust gas can pollute air quality and produce a greenhouse effect. However, the fermentation of garbage to form methane gas has the possibility of causing fires and explosions, which is not conducive to the circular development of resources. Therefore, some developed countries have ordered the prohibition of landfill treatment of domestic garbage. Moreover, due to economic constraints, the treatment level and capacity of the city's waste treatment plants are limited, and they are facing the problem of establishing new landfill sites after the service period expires.
Economy: Firstly, considering the development level and economic factors of the city. In recent years, the development of the city has been slow and the economic level is relatively low. The landfill method has the advantages of easy operation, large disposal capacity, low investment in infrastructure and funds, low operating costs, and a wide trial range, which is suitable for the actual situation of the city's development.
Social: Secondly, considering the social factors of the city. The landfill method can concentrate urban household waste in a single place for treatment, usually located in relatively remote suburbs. The city is relatively vast and sparsely populated, creating ideal spatial conditions for the establishment of landfill sites. The construction of landfill sites in suburban areas far from the city center has also received recognition from citizens.
Environmental: Finally, considering environmental factors. The city's sanitary landfill adopts anaerobic sanitary landfill method, and the leachate meets the standards before being discharged. Moreover, supervision of the treatment of municipal household waste and the cleaning and transportation process of waste will be implemented, and the abandonment and scattering of waste during transportation will be strictly prohibited.We have established a gas emission and recovery system for urban domestic waste landfills, and carried out terminal treatment of the exhaust gas emitted from landfills. The biogas generated when garbage is landfilled can be used as energy, achieving the resource utilization of garbage treatment. Due to its simplicity, low cost investment, operation and management, the landfill method.
Method:For a long time, garbage disposal has been the sole responsibility of the government and public sectors. However, due to the long-term reliance on a single public welfare model, garbage disposal has always faced problems such as insufficient investment, incomplete systems, and large urban-rural disparities, which cannot adapt to the pace of social development. Faced with this situation, in order to break through the phenomenon of garbage surrounding cities, we need to change our thinking in a timely manner, fully leverage the power of the government, enterprises, and individuals of the public, adjust the industrial structure, limit the development of polluting industries in urban areas, innovate systems, develop high-tech industries, encourage public participation, and improve relevant supporting measures. On this basis, analyze the future direction of domestic waste treatment in the city, propose countermeasures that are conducive to further improving the level of domestic waste treatment in the city, and also provide reference for the treatment methods and strategies of domestic waste in some small and medium-sized cities in China.
German:The so-called closed cycle system refers to the strict pre-treatment and classification of waste generated in the circulation of products by all manufacturers and distributors during the production and consumption processes. Recyclable, recycled and reused; The final residue that cannot be recycled will be treated with harmless treatment. The entire processing process presents a closed loop, without generating excess garbage accumulation.
The reason why Germany has been able to establish such a complete waste treatment system is closely related to its excellent supporting facilities and the highly specialized workforce. More than 250000 employees, including engineers, civil servants, and technical workers. Some universities have also established majors and courses in garbage disposal, and also provide training programs for corresponding personnel.
Japan:The Japanese have always implemented garbage sorting very well. On the one hand, it is necessary for the government to enforce management. Littering in Japan is not a violation of regulations, but a violation of the Waste Disposal Law. Those who violate the law will be directly arrested by the police and fined 30000 to 50000 yen.
On the other hand, the general public is popularizing the concept of classification in daily life details. For example, each type of garbage has corresponding garbage bags for sale; The outer packaging of goods in supermarkets will also indicate which type of recyclable resource this type of packaging belongs to. Invisibly, the public's concept of classification is gradually cultivated.
In Japan, the concept of garbage classification has become a part of education. Children are taught classification by their mothers from the moment they become sensible. Kindergartens also teach children environmental protection knowledge and encourage them to urge their elders to comply with regulations.
America:In 1976, the United States Congress enacted the Resource Conservation and Recycling Act, making it the primary reference law for the treatment of solid waste and hazardous waste in the United States. In order to comply with the law, the US Environmental Protection Agency has further refined and introduced hundreds of regulations, plans, and guidelines on waste discharge, collection, storage, transportation, treatment, and recycling.
Denmark: has shifted its waste management from end to source reduction. By implementing garbage classification and achieving the maximum possible recycling, Denmark has become the country with the highest green energy utilization rate in the world. Meanwhile, Denmark is the first country to achieve full incineration of waste and waste heat utilization, and incineration power plants of all sizes can be seen everywhere in Denmark.
What's even more impressive is that Denmark's garbage sorting has begun a technological attempt. Robots have been incorporated into the daily lives of Danish people, effectively improving the efficiency of garbage classification and treatment. With the help of garbage sorting robots, residents of Holstebro, Lemvig, Skive, and Struer cities no longer need to manually sort plastic, metal, and other waste.
Italia: More and more Italian cities are adopting a new system called 'door-to-door garbage collection service'. With this system, specialized vehicles will directly collect garbage at the residence.
Depending on the size of the building, use
The containers used to collect garbage are also different. For example, for a single family villa, small colored bags are used for sorting and collection, while large trash cans are used for collection at the entrance of the apartment building.