Docker获取Let`s Encrypt SSL 证书-526互联

文中的操作都是在CentOS Stream release 9下执行的，使用的是root用户。

1. 安装docker

# 卸载原有的docker
yum remove docker docker-client docker-client-latest docker-common docker-latest docker-latest-logrotate docker-logrotate docker-engine
# 安装依赖
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# 配置docker-ce源
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 安装docker
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
# 安装docker-compose
wget https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.17.2/docker-compose-linux-x86_64
chmod +x docker-compose-linux-x86_64 && mv docker-compose-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose && ldconfig

2. Let`s Encrypt及Certbot介绍

关于Let`s Encrypt可以参见这里。

certbot安装使用参加这里。

3. Docker运行Certbot获取证书

为了方便维护、升级，同时也避免破坏本地的开发环境，我这里使用docker方式来运行certbot。整个过程分为两步：首次申请证书和证书更新。

3.1 首次申请证书

因为我的文章都是通过jekyll运行的静态网站，之后会通过nginx来运行，所以这里就以nginx为例来配置网站的tls证书。

创建nginx配置文件default.conf：

server {
    listen      80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;

    # 高优先级，仅用于更新证书
    location ~ /.well-known/acme-challenge {
        allow all;
        root /data/letsencrypt;
    }
}

docker-compose文件：

version: '3.3'

services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.23.4-alpine
    container_name: frontend
    volumes:
      - ./default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
      - ./frontend:/usr/share/nginx/html
    ports:
      - 80:80

启动web服务: docker-compse up -d
启动certbot申请证书：

docker run --rm -it -v ./certbot/etc/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt -v ./certbot/var/log/letsencrpt:/var/log/letsencrypt -v ./frontend:/data/letsencrypt certbot/certbot:latest certonly --webroot --email your@eamil.com --agree-tos --no-eff-email --webroot-path=/data/letsencrypt -d example.com -d example.com

运行结束后可以在./certbot/etc/letsencrypt/live目录下找到example.com文件夹，其中包含证书文件fullchain.pem和私钥文件privkey.pem。

停止web服务：docker-compose down
更新compose文件：

version: '3.3'

services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.23.4-alpine
    container_name: frontend
    volumes:
      - ./default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
      # - ./frontend:/usr/share/nginx/html
      - ./certbot/etc/letsencrypt/live:/letsencrypt/live        # 当前证书目录
      - ./certbot/etc/letsencrypt/archive:/letsencrypt/archive  # 历史证书目录
      - ./dhparam-2048.pem:/letsencrypt/dhparam-2048.pem        # 使用2048位DH（Diffie-Hellman）参数
    ports:
      - 80:80
      - 443:443

2048为DH参数生成命令：openssl dhparam -out ./dhparam-2048.pem 2048

更新nginx配置文件

# 处理http请求
server {
    listen      80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;

    # 重定向到https
    location / {
        rewrite ^ https://$host$request_uri? permanent;
    }

    # 高优先级，仅用于更新证书
    location ~ /.well-known/acme-challenge {
        allow all;
        root /data/letsencrypt;
    }
}

# 处理https请求
server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;

    server_tokens off;

    ssl_certificate /letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;

    ssl_buffer_size 8k;

    ssl_dhparam /letsencrypt/dhparam-2048.pem; # 使用2048位DH参数，加强安全

    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.1 TLSv1;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    ssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:DH+3DES:!ADH:!AECDH:!MD5;

    ssl_ecdh_curve secp384r1;
    ssl_session_tickets off;

    # OCSP stapling
    ssl_stapling on;
    ssl_stapling_verify on;
    resolver 8.8.8.8;

    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.html;
}

重新启动web服务：docker-compose up -d

3.2 证书更新

通过以下脚本可以实现证书更新：

#!/bin/bash

docker run -it --rm \
-v ./certbot/etc/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt \
-v ./certbot/var/lib/letsencrypt:/var/lib/letsencrypt \
-v ./certbot/var/log/letsencrypt:/var/log/letsencrypt \
-v ./site:/data/letsencrypt \
certbot/certbot \
renew --webroot -w /data/letsencrypt --quiet && docker kill --signal=HUP frontend