Oracle12c On 银河麒麟的安装过程
学习官网资料
下载最新版的preinstall文件
https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/appstream/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
安装必备的部分软件
yum install ksh* libnsl* -y
添加一个配置文件
cat > /etc/redhat-release <<EOF
CentOS Linux release 8.0
EOF
安装preinstall 的rpm
rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
学习下rpm内的内容
解压缩rpm包
rpm2cpio oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm |cpio -div
rpm2cpio oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm |cpio -div
./etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-firstboot
./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-19c
./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-verify
./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/oracle-database-preinstall-19c.param
./usr/bin/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-verify
./usr/share/licenses/oracle-database-preinstall-19c
./usr/share/licenses/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/LICENSE
./var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c
./var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/results
159 块
发现核心脚本应该是:
oracle-database-preinstall-19c-verify
可以查看安装后的日志信息
/var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/results/
Preinstall 安装日志学习与分析
/var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/results/orakernel.log
第一部分用户相关
Adding group oinstall with gid 54321
Adding group dba with gid 54322
Adding group oper with gid 54323
Adding group backupdba with gid 54324
Adding group dgdba with gid 54325
Adding group kmdba with gid 54326
Adding group racdba with gid 54330
Adding user oracle with user id 54321, initial login group oinstall, supplementary groups oinstall,dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba and home directory /home/oracle
Changing ownership of /home/oracle to oracle:oinstall
Please set password for user - oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54330(racdba),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba)
User creation passed
第二部分内核参数相关
Saving a copy of the initial sysctl.conf
Verifying kernel parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
Trying to remove instances of - setting for fs.file-max is
Adding fs.file-max = 6815744
Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.sem is
Adding kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.shmmni is
Adding kernel.shmmni = 4096
Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.shmall is
Adding kernel.shmall = 1073741824
Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.shmmax is
Adding kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.panic_on_oops is
Adding kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.core.rmem_default is
Adding net.core.rmem_default = 262144
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.core.rmem_max is
Adding net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.core.wmem_default is
Adding net.core.wmem_default = 262144
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.core.wmem_max is
Adding net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter is
Changing net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter to match preinstall config
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter is
Changing net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter to match preinstall config
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
Trying to remove instances of - setting for fs.aio-max-nr is
Adding fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is
Changing net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range to match preinstall config
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
Setting kernel parameters as per oracle recommendations...
Altered file /etc/sysctl.conf
Saved a copy of the current file in /etc/sysctl.d/99-oracle-database-preinstall-19c-sysctl.conf
Check /etc/sysctl.d for backups
Verification & setting of kernel parameters passed
Setting user limits using /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-19c.conf
资源限制与内核启动参数
Verifying oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...
Adding oracle soft nofile 1024
Adding oracle hard nofile 65536
Adding oracle soft nproc 16384
Adding oracle hard nproc 16384
Adding oracle soft stack 10240
Adding oracle hard stack 32768
Adding oracle hard memlock 134217728
Adding oracle soft memlock 134217728
Adding oracle soft data unlimited
Adding oracle hard data unlimited
Setting oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...
Altered file /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-19c.conf
Original file backed up at /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/backup/Oct-23-2023-10-53-22
Verification & setting of user limits passed
Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub file in /etc/default/grub-initial.orabackup
Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub in /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/backup/Oct-23-2023-10-53-22...
Verifying kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
old boot params: "resume=/dev/mapper/klas-swap rd.lvm.lv=klas/root rd.lvm.lv=klas/swap rhgb quiet crashkernel=1024M,high audit=0"
new boot params: "resume=/dev/mapper/klas-swap rd.lvm.lv=klas/root rd.lvm.lv=klas/swap rhgb quiet crashkernel=1024M,high audit=0 numa=off"
Setting boot params - Checking for blscfg
old boot params: "resume=/dev/mapper/klas-swap rd.lvm.lv=klas/root rd.lvm.lv=klas/swap rhgb quiet crashkernel=1024M,high audit=0 numa=off"
new boot params: "resume=/dev/mapper/klas-swap rd.lvm.lv=klas/root rd.lvm.lv=klas/swap rhgb quiet crashkernel=1024M,high audit=0 numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"
其他部分
Setting boot params - Checking for blscfg
Setting kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
G_DIR=/boot/grub2
Checking for blscfg
Getting the first entry available in /boot/grub2/grub.cfg for 1b7a5f5e75a347ed83bd41d1d51fd630-4.19.90-52.15.v2207.ky10.x86_64
Default kernel is -> 1b7a5f5e75a347ed83bd41d1d51fd630-4.19.90-52.15.v2207.ky10.x86_64
Default saved_entry is -> 1b7a5f5e75a347ed83bd41d1d51fd630-4.19.90-52.15.v2207.ky10.x86_64
Default saved_entry_line is -> linux /vmlinuz-0-rescue-1b7a5f5e75a347ed83bd41d1d51fd630 root=/dev/mapper/klas-root ro resume=/dev/mapper/klas-swap rd.lvm.lv=klas/root rd.lvm.lv=klas/swap rhgb quiet crashkernel=1024M,high audit=0
Saving a copy of grubenv... in /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/backup/Oct-23-2023-10-53-22
Generating grub configuration file ...
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 35764: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 35764: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.90-52.15.v2207.ky10.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-4.19.90-52.15.v2207.ky10.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-1b7a5f5e75a347ed83bd41d1d51fd630
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-1b7a5f5e75a347ed83bd41d1d51fd630.img
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 36009: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 36009: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
done
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 36459: grub2-probe
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 36459: grub2-probe
The saved kernel 1b7a5f5e75a347ed83bd41d1d51fd630-4.19.90-52.15.v2207.ky10.x86_64 is now at position - 1
Boot parameters will be effected on next reboot
Altered file /etc/default/grub
Copy of the changed file is in - /etc/default/grub-oracle-database-preinstall-19c.orabackup
Copy of the original file is in - /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/backup/Oct-23-2023-10-53-22
Verification & setting of boot parameters passed
Trying to add NOZEROCONF parameter...
Taking a backup of existing file to /etc/sysconfig/network.orabackup
Successfully added parameter NOZEROCONF to /etc/sysconfig/network
Setting /etc/sysconfig/network parameters passed
Disabling Transparent Hugepages.
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1
Disabling defrag.
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1
安装过程中报错
在银河麒麟上面 解压缩完安装文件 执行命令会报错:
自己以为是 文件损坏, 然后计算了md5 发现还是不可以.
经过自己的查询 发现是 oracle 自带的一个unzip 软件与银河麒麟不兼容, 需要将unzip 从/usr/bin/unzip 复制一份到 oracle安装目录的 unzip 目录下面
安装成功后 建议也复制一份到 oracle 的bin目录下面比如我这边
scp /usr/bin/unzip `which unzip`
详细错误信息见下方:
Usage: unzip [-Z] [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist] [-d exdir]
Default action is to extract files in list, except those in xlist, to exdir;
file[.zip] may be a wildcard. -Z => ZipInfo mode ("unzip -Z" for usage).
-p extract files to pipe, no messages -l list files (short format)
-f freshen existing files, create none -t test compressed archive data
-u update files, create if necessary -z display archive comment only
-v list verbosely/show version info -T timestamp archive to latest
-x exclude files that follow (in xlist) -d extract files into exdir
modifiers:
-n never overwrite existing files -q quiet mode (-qq => quieter)
-o overwrite files WITHOUT prompting -a auto-convert any text files
-j junk paths (do not make directories) -aa treat ALL files as text
-U use escapes for all non-ASCII Unicode -UU ignore any Unicode fields
-C match filenames case-insensitively -L make (some) names lowercase
-X restore UID/GID info -V retain VMS version numbers
-K keep setuid/setgid/tacky permissions -M pipe through "more" pager
See "unzip -hh" or unzip.txt for more help. Examples:
unzip data1 -x joe => extract all files except joe from zipfile data1.zip
unzip -p foo | more => send contents of foo.zip via pipe into program more
unzip -fo foo ReadMe => quietly replace existing ReadMe if archive file newer
设置环境变量
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8"
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle12c
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=ora12c
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
export ORACLE_SID=ora12c
export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
密码有效期重试策略等设置
alter profile default limit FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS unlimited ;
ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;
基本的Oracle性能调优参数列表
1. 关闭recyclebin
2. 调大process和session
3. 根据内存设置好 SGA和PGA
4. 内存较大时设置好大页(注意此处不是透明大页.)
5. 适当的改大Open_Cursors 以及 session_cursors的值来提高性能.
6. 修改redo 增加文件大小和文件数量以便提高性能.
7. dbfiles 默认值是200 可以到 6400G, 逻辑值最高为 1022 可以使用 累计总量32T的数据文件.
设置开机启动
修改配置文件
vim /etc/oratab
注意按照要求
# Entries are of the form:
# $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
输入Y 数据库可以开机时启动
可以使用 contab 或者是其他rc.local等设置一下启动时的脚本
建议使用 systemd 脚本的模式, 更加方便快捷一些
另外注意 可以在脚本里面将环境变量补足, 因为crontab 的启动时 读取的环境变量不全. 比如我这边
/deploy/startoracle
内容为:
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8"
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle12c
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=ora12c
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
export ORACLE_SID=ora12c
export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
su oracle -lc dbstart
然后设置开机启动 crontab -e
@reboot /deploy/startoracle
其他
准备有时间学习和解析一下 preinstall 设置参数的含义和具体用途