弹性碰撞方程速解公式

发布时间 2023-11-04 16:53:05作者: MornHus

动碰静

\(m_1\) 创物, \(m_2\) 被创物, \(v_1\) 创物初速度, \(v_1^{'}\) 创物末速度, \(v_2^{'}\) 被创物末速度。

联立以下方程组:

\[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} m_1v_1 & = m_1v_1^{'}+m_2v_2^{'} \\ \frac{1}{2}m_1v_1^2&= \frac{1}{2}m_1{v_1^{'} }^2+\frac{1}{2}m_2{v_2^{'}}^2 \end{aligned} \right. \]

易得解:

\[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} v_1^{'}&=\frac{m_1-m_2}{m_1+m_2}v_1 \\ v_2^{'}&=\frac{2m_1}{m_1+m_2}v_1 \end{aligned} \right. \]

特殊情况:\(m_1>>m_2\) 大创小

代入得解:

\[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} v_1^{'}&=v_1 \\ v_2^{'}&=2v_1 \end{aligned} \right. \]

最大二倍也

特殊情况:\(m_1<<m_2\) 小创大

代入得解:

\[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} v_1^{'}&=-v_1\\ v_2^{'}&=0 \end{aligned} \right. \]

反激之力也

特殊情况:\(m_1==m_2\) 同创同

代入得解:

\[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} v_1^{'}&=0 \\ v_2^{'}&=v_1 \end{aligned} \right. \]

速度传递也

动碰动

\(m_1\) 创物1, \(m_2\) 创物2, \(v_1\) 创物1初速度, \(v_2\) 创物2初速度, \(v_1^{'}\) 创物1末速度, \(v_2^{'}\) 创物2末速度。

\[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} m_1v_1+m_2v_2 & = m_1v_1^{'}+m_2v_2^{'} \\ \frac{1}{2}m_1v_1^2+\frac{1}{2}m_2v_2^2&= \frac{1}{2}m_1{v_1^{'} }^2+\frac{1}{2}m_2{v_2^{'}}^2 \end{aligned} \right. \]

易得解:

\[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} v_1^{'}&=\frac{m_1-m_2}{m_1+m_2}v_1 + \frac{2m_2}{m_1+m_2}v_2 \\ v_2^{'}&=\frac{2m_1}{m_1+m_2}v_1 + \frac{m_2-m_1}{m_1+m_2}v_2 \end{aligned} \right. \]

动碰静公式本质上是动碰动公式的特殊情况